山茶花:其颜色的秘密

 山茶花:其颜色的秘密

Charles Cook
C. japonica 奥古斯托-莱尔-德-古韦亚-平托:来自同一棵树的花朵,有不同的颜色:正常、红色、浅粉色和白色。

了解为什么山茶花的颜色各不相同,往往是在同一株植物上。

山茶花属于山茶科(Theaceae或Camelliaceae),在这个科里,属于山茶属。

性别 山茶花

它包括大约 三百种 最具代表性的是茶叶植物( 山茶树 )和观赏性物种( 山茶花、山茶花和网纹茶花 以及在较小的程度上感兴趣的是 茶树;茶树和油茶。 ).

但也有其他物种用于获得越来越多的种间杂交种。

See_also: 牛至的种植

A 山茶花(Camellia japonica (日文中的 "tsubaki "指的是有浅色叶子的树)和 山茶花Sasanqua (sazanka, in Japanese)产生了今天大多数的观赏性品种。

性别 山茶花 其特点是包括中等大小的灌木状或树种,有互生的叶子;革质,深色,有光泽,有短叶柄,花有五瓣,螺旋状的花萼和花冠,花瓣在基部有点凝聚。

还请阅读文章《山茶花育种

C. japonica 奥古斯托-莱尔-德-古维亚-平托:颜色正常,但左边的花有红色条纹

山茶花的颜色

根据种植的品种,花有各种颜色或色调:白色、红色、粉色、带色、紫色或黄色,大小不一,直径从不到5厘米到超过12.5厘米。

有时,一个 同来者 可以显示花与 色调 彻底 不同的 例如,白色和其他红色或粉红色,以及条纹、斑点、阵风、大理石纹或带色。

为什么山茶花会有变化

造成山茶花变异现象的基本原因有两个:遗传变异和病毒感染。

遗传变异铭刻在植物自身的基因中,并通过花瓣上的斑点、条纹、麻点或颜色变化的出现来体现。

病毒感染也会影响植物的活力,但由此产生的色调也确实产生了一些非常珍贵的品种,如'Ville de Nantes'日本茶花。

还有一些新的山茶花是通过自发突变产生的,对颜色或形状有影响,其机制很难解释,与物种本身的进化有关。

甚至带有不同形状和颜色的花朵的枝条也可以在植物本身上共存。

这些突变的枝条被称为 "运动",通过无性繁殖手段(嫁接),有可能(有时)从它们身上获得多年来具有完全固定特性的新的栽培品种。

还请阅读茶花:如何预防和治疗疾病

See_also: 关于东方芥末的一切 Gouveia Pinto: 单一清单的花 C. japonica 奥古斯托-莱亚尔-德-古维亚-平托:部分红花

遗传变异

在这一类型中 山茶花 大约有三百个物种,它们一直受到持续的自然或诱导杂交的影响。

在性别方面 山茶花 其自身的染色体数目为30,15是配子或生殖细胞中的基本染色体数目(n)。

这些只有一套染色体(n)的生殖细胞(男性和女性性细胞)被称为单倍体。

生殖细胞或配子起源于体细胞(2n),经历了称为配子发生的过程。

在配子发生过程中,通常会发生一个重要的细胞分裂过程,称为减数分裂或染色体减少(减数分裂I和减数分裂II),其中一个体细胞(2n)在转变为性细胞时,会产生四个单倍体细胞(n),使一个物种的染色体数量减半,从而通过与另一个性细胞结合的方式一个新的存在(2n)。

在植物界,这种机制并不总是这样运作:有时,上述染色体减少并不发生(未减少的配子),产生多倍体个体(Xn),它们有两套以上的染色体(基因组),这构成了一种新的机制,称为多倍体。

另请阅读文章《山茶花:护理指南

多倍体,即同一细胞核中存在两个以上的基因组,是植物中常见的现象,被认为是野生和栽培植物起源和进化中最显著的进化过程之一。

大约40%的栽培植物物种是多倍体,是通过非还原配子或不同物种的个体杂交而产生的。

由于大多数物种都是自我不相容的,自然界采用异花授粉,因此三倍体、四倍体、五倍体、六倍体、七倍体和八倍体的杂交形式自发发生。

山茶花中最常见的形式是二倍体和三倍体。

对栽培植物中这些机制的了解,导致研究人员诱发了多倍体属的 山茶花 因为一般来说,多倍体物种更大,产量更高。

这些方面是相关的,而且这些技术已经成功地用于例如获得具有更大叶片的茶树(以提高每公顷的生产水平),用于观赏茶花(增加花朵大小)和油茶花(增加产油量)。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.