紫罗兰帕拉玛

 紫罗兰帕拉玛

Charles Cook

几个世纪以来,紫罗兰在医学上被用作抗惊厥或抗癫痫的药物,并被纳入基督教的象征主义准则,其中紫罗兰与圣母玛利亚、谦逊和克制有关。

关于使用紫罗兰作为观赏和芳香植物的最早历史记录是在希腊。

例如,在《奥德赛》(公元前12世纪)中,描述了仙女卡吕普索洞穴周围的花园,那里 "柔软的芹菜和紫罗兰草地开花",或者在几个世纪之后,诗人平达(公元前5世纪)提到春天的开始,写道:"芬芳的花朵带来甜美的春天。 然后春天,在不朽的土地上,可爱的紫罗兰丛生......" E、另外,在萨福(公元前6世纪)的一首诗中:"你们这些少女,靠着缪斯的美丽礼物,用紫罗兰束起腰来......"。

植物学

紫罗兰属于属 维奥拉 (家庭 Violaceae ),约有400种,其中91种在欧洲,15种在葡萄牙。

它们的种子有一个椭圆体,即外部营养结构,富含油脂,旨在吸引昆虫(一般是蚂蚁);这些昆虫将种子带到它们的巢穴或其他地方,从而促进其传播。

帕尔玛紫罗兰对应于一个定义明确的形态组,属于以下物种 白藜芦醇 Besser 在理想的条件下,它们可以在大约七个月内开出芳香的花朵(它们很少产生果实和种子)。

See_also: 仙客来:爱情和艺术之花

花卉

花朵可以有30多片花瓣,具有独特而细腻的香味,有别于普通紫罗兰的香味。 它的叶子(心形)较小,也较强壮。

See_also: 有机高丽菜方法

起源和历史事实

16世纪的一篇意大利论文提到,在拜占庭帝国的前首都君士坦丁堡(伊斯坦布尔)周围生长着许多花瓣的紫罗兰,并将其比作有许多花瓣的小玫瑰。

帕尔马紫罗兰在19世纪末在欧洲和美国东海岸非常流行,当时有数百家生产商为欧洲大都市(巴黎、伦敦、罗马、柏林、圣彼得堡等)和北美大都市(纽约)的市场供货。

在法国,有三个主要的生产中心:巴黎周围、图卢兹和里维埃拉。

香水中的紫罗兰

紫罗兰花被制成花束或蜜饯出售,并从叶子中提取紫罗兰精油,用于香水行业,几乎所有的香水行业都位于格拉斯。

在19世纪末,香水行业也开始使用IONONE来代替紫罗兰精油,因为IONONE具有与紫罗兰相似的香味,尽管它最初是从百合的根茎中获得的[ 鸢尾花x德国人 L. var. 佛罗伦萨 (今天仍然可以买到脱水和粉碎的百合根茎(L. Dykes)。 奥里斯根 ),使罐装香水具有天然的紫罗兰香味。

紫罗兰和贵族

在英国,在维多利亚时期,女王紫罗兰与贵族有很大的联系,当时在温莎城堡的花园里,有大约3000个盆子,注定要种植三种紫罗兰,其中两种是女王紫罗兰(玛丽-路易斯和休姆-坎贝尔夫人),第三种是普通紫罗兰( Viola odorota L. '威尔士公主')。

即使在今天,英国女王也是紫罗兰花束的大爱者。

今天的紫罗兰

今天,在图卢兹,仍有一些生产商,但你很少能找到出售的花束--几乎所有的生产都是为了销售盆栽。

图卢兹市政府每年二月初都会组织一次紫罗兰节,并努力保持这一传统,甚至还有一个紫罗兰兄弟会。

过去,紫罗兰也被结晶化,但这种做法已经消失了。 今天,市场上发现的结晶紫罗兰是由普通紫罗兰( 薰衣草(Viola odorata)L .),其生产集中在位于尼斯郊区的Tourrettes-sur-Loup小村庄。

这里是欧洲最后一批几乎完全从事紫罗兰生产(花束、结晶、糖浆、精油生产等)的农民的家园。

葡萄牙文学中的紫罗兰

在葡萄牙,紫罗兰非常受欢迎,从文学作品中可以看出,其中提到紫罗兰的地方很多。

一个例子是Eça de Queirós或Florbela Espanca的作品,但和其他国家一样,它们的生产和销售几乎消失了。

它们已被非洲紫罗兰部分取代,后者是非常不同的植物--它们属于另一个属 (Saintpaulia )和家庭 (Gesneriaceae) ),原产于东非,特别是坦桑尼亚。

如何种植紫罗兰

帕尔玛紫罗兰可以养在花盆里,也可以养在地里,但是,它们不能暴露在非常低的温度下,也不能被阳光直射,土壤必须排水良好。

这些植物会产生许多细长的茎,应将其剪掉,以避免无性繁殖过度,从而刺激花的生长。

它们产生另一种类型的嫩枝,即吸盘,可以切开并种植,以产生新的植株。 紫罗兰受到害虫(蚜虫、螨虫)和一些疾病(真菌)的攻击,但前者可以在适当的化学产品或生物防治(瓢虫)的帮助下进行防治;如果植物没有受到水的压力,就可以避免疾病。

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Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.