马尾草文化

 马尾草文化

Charles Cook

俗称: 马尾草、芦苇马鲛、沙发草、狐狸尾巴、鸡冠花、脊柱草、结尾草、马尾草、芦苇、狐狸尾巴、瓶子草。

学名: Equisetum arvense L. 它来自于 equs (马)和 契约 (bristle),因为茎像马的鬃毛一样硬。

资料来源: 欧洲(南部的北极地区)、北非、南亚和美洲。

家庭: 马齿苋科

特点: 多年生草本植物,气生茎分枝或单生,中空。 植物有两个生长阶段。 第一阶段出现在3-4月之间,产生可育茎,棕红色,有鳞片,没有叶绿素,高20-35厘米,末端呈圆锥状(2.5-10厘米)。 圆锥产生孢子,引起第二阶段,产生不育,绿绿色的茎。淡黄色,有节,有齿,很有分枝,高约30100厘米,直径3-5厘米,夏季(6-7月)孢子散开后死亡。 叶子不发育,有粘性。

受精/授粉: 通过孢子,它们在夏季出现,并被带到很远的地方。

历史事实: 这种植物是世界上最古老的植物之一,大约存在于6-2.5亿年前(在化石中广泛发现),但尺寸要大得多。 2世纪的盖伦说,"它能治愈肌腱,即使它们被劈成两半",1653年的卡尔佩珀写道,"它对治疗内部和外部出血非常有效"。 只有大约20个物种到达我们这个时代,它们都是具有小药草的尺寸。

生物循环: 多年生植物

最广泛种植的品种: 马鞭草 , E. giganteum e Equisetum hyemele (更多的二氧化硅含量,没有叶子,高度可以达到90-100厘米)。

可食用/可使用的部分: 无菌的气生部分(裸露的茎),干燥的,完整的或碎裂的。

生长条件

土壤: 潮湿的粘土质土壤,排水良好,pH值在6.5-7.5之间。

气候区: 欧洲北部的寒带和温带。

温度: 最佳温度:10-20˚C 最低临界温度:-15˚C 最高临界温度:35˚C 阳光照射:最喜欢中阴。

相对湿度: 高(发生在潮湿的地方,靠近水线)。

受精

受精: 施用分解良好的羊粪和牛粪。 在酸性土壤中,在堆肥、石膏(海藻)和灰烬中添加钙。

绿肥: 这种植物可以吸收过多的氮和重金属(铜、锌和镉),并对食用它的人产生毒性。

营养需求: 2:1:3(氮:磷:钾)。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 双头弧形喷嘴割草机可用于深耕,打碎土块和消灭杂草。

See_also: 肉桂,一种对你的健康有益的植物

种植/播种的日期: 几乎全年都可以,不过我建议9-10月。

种植/播种的类型: 通过根茎的分株(有几个节且更多地暴露出来)或在冬季从不育的气生部分扦插。 株距:行间50-70×行内株距50-60厘米。

移植: 根茎可以在3月种植。

深度: 6-7厘米。

协会: 不适用。

悲哀: 草药除草,锄头。

浇水: 要求很高,应将其放在水线附近,或经常用滴灌浇水。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 它们不怎么受到害虫的攻击。

See_also: 认识BalsamodeGuilead

疾病: 一些真菌性疾病( 镰刀菌 , 粪池 , 霉菌纲 等)。

事故: 对干旱很敏感,它需要非常潮湿甚至有水的土壤。

收获和使用

何时收获: 用刀或修枝剪手动剪掉已完全发育的气生部分,只使用7-8月长出的不育茎,高10-14厘米,颜色为绿色,非常有条理。

产量:1 绿色植物为0吨/公顷/年,干燥植物为3吨/公顷/年。

储存条件: 在不超过40°C的温度下强制通风干燥。

营养价值: 富含类黄酮、生物碱、皂甙和矿物质(锌、硒、钾、镁、钴、铁和钙)的硅(占干提取物的80-90%)、氯化钾和氧化铁,还含有一些维生素A、E和C。

用途: 在药用方面,它具有利尿的特性,结缔组织的补给(骨折愈合),伤口和烧伤愈合,尿路疾病(洗涤),并有利于粘膜、皮肤、头发和指甲的生长。 管子或茎晒干后,可以用来清洁或擦拭金属和木制物品。

专家建议

我建议在水线附近和阴凉处种植这种作物。 我们经常购买马齿苋的品种( E.palustre e E. ramosissimum 在大量施肥的地区,这种植物可能有很大的毒性,因为它 "从土壤中吸收硝酸盐和硒"。 在有机农业中,用茎和叶子输液,可以预防和治疗一些侵害蔬菜的真菌。 对于那些实行生物动力农业的人来说,它是在508准备中使用。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.