菠萝:纺织纤维的一个来源

 菠萝:纺织纤维的一个来源

Charles Cook

菠萝 ( 香菇 )属于 凤仙花科(Bromeliaceae) 是一种原产于南美洲和加勒比海雨林的植物。

菠萝是一种果序(由果实、花序轴、花梗和苞片凝结而成的复杂结构),早在欧洲人到达新大陆之前,美洲印第安人就开始食用菠萝(克里斯托弗-哥伦布于1493年在瓜达卢佩岛上发现菠萝树)。

亚速尔群岛的菠萝生产

菠萝在17世纪末被引入欧洲,当时和今天一样,它被种植在加热的温室里。

在葡萄牙,菠萝种植仅限于圣米格尔岛,19世纪中叶,何塞-本萨德(1835-1922)在不断寻找橘子树的替代作物时,将菠萝引入该岛。

亚速尔群岛的菠萝首次出口到英国市场是在1864年11月,当时何塞-本绍德将一些菠萝寄给他的英国贸易记者,这些菠萝本来是要送到维多利亚女王(1819-1901)的餐桌上的。

阅读全文:菠萝,美味又健康

菠萝纺织纤维

除了菠萝之外,这种植物还可以用其叶子制作纺织纤维。

为了提取纤维,要采摘外层的叶子,并通过手工,通过简单的剥离过程(剥离),也要去除外层(表皮、实质),使用具有锋利边缘的物体,例如,破碎的椰子或瓷器碎片。

在这个阶段之后,纤维被浸入水中,以便微生物分解仍然附着在纤维上的植物结构残留物(就像在鞣制亚麻时发生的那样)。

这个浸泡期传统上持续了大约五天,尽管现在要快得多(几个小时),因为加入了化学物质来加速这个过程。 在这个浸泡过程之后,纤维被洗净,在太阳下晒干,与任何剩余的材料分离,然后纺线织造。

从一吨叶子中,我们获得22至27公斤的纤维。

为生产纤维而进行的植物栽培是在阴凉的条件下进行的,在果实尚未成熟时就将其摘除,这样植物就可以将更多的养分投入到叶片的生长中,这些叶片可以达到更大的长度,从而生产出更长的纤维。

Perolera "栽培品种是最有价值的,因为它的叶子又长又宽。 纤维是乳白色的,具有类似于丝绸的光泽,特别耐牵引。

菲律宾的菠萝纤维生产

虽然它们在世界不同地区(印度、印度尼西亚等)被用于许多不同的物品(帽子、鞋子、渔网等),但没有其他国家像菲律宾一样有如此强大的使用这些纤维的传统。

西班牙人在16世纪将菠萝树带到了菲律宾(关于菠萝布生产的第一个记录可以追溯到1571年),这种新的纤维很快被当地人接受,他们掌握了提取和加工植物纤维的精制技术,比如从 Musa textilis (马尼拉麻)。

See_also: 5 适合困难地区的简易植物:炎热和干燥

由菠萝纤维制成的面料

在19世纪,访问菲律宾的外国人经常描述马尼拉的修道院所生产的华丽的刺绣织物,殖民当局将标本送到伦敦的大世界展览会(1851年)。

在欧洲,19世纪60年代,用菠萝纤维制作的织物和刺绣开始为人所知并受到重视。

丹麦的亚历山德拉公主(1844-1925)在与英国王位继承人(未来的国王爱德华七世)结婚时收到了用这些纤维制成的礼物,西班牙女王伊丽莎白二世(1830-1904)穿了一件用菠萝纤维制成的舞会长袍。

在菲律宾,尽管几个地区都有菠萝纤维的种植,但阿克兰省是生产最有价值的织物的地区,那里的传统也最为古老。

这些传统织物被称为 皮亚诺 巴隆-塔加拉语 它可以达到很高的价格(约1000欧元),通常提供给来访的国家元首和贵宾。

菠萝纤维可以与其他天然纤维(丝、棉)或合成纤维一起编织,获得具有各种质地和性能的织物。

照片: Luís Mendonça de Carvalho

See_also: 如何种植香菜

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Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.