了解象牙素

 了解象牙素

Charles Cook
象牙-蔬菜水果和种子

植物象牙是一种植物来源的原材料,其物理特性(颜色、手感)让人想起动物来源的象牙。

与后者不同的是,象牙菜是由糖类组成的,主要是甘露糖--一种分子,其名称让人想起《圣经》中的吗哪[一些灌木和树木产生的分泌物,在中世纪开始被称为甘露,如 Fraxin ornus L. (白蜡树),正是从这些树的分泌物中分离出了甘露醇(酒精),通过氧化,产生甘露糖]。

象牙-植物手镯

象牙色-蔬菜的构成

在植物象牙中发现的甘露糖在种子的胚乳中,也就是说,它构成了胚胎在发芽早期阶段将使用的能量储备和有机物的一部分。

有几个物种可以获得象牙菜,然而,最常见的是一种原产于南美洲热带森林的棕榈树,称为jarina或tagua,其学名是 Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav ......,来自希腊语的单词 植物人 =植物; 埃利法斯 =大象; 补习班 =大,长; 卡珀斯 =果实(字面意思是,有大果实的象形植物)。

缩写Ruiz & Pav.指的是西班牙作者(Hipólito Ruiz López和José António Pavón)的名字--他们是第一个描述棕榈树的欧洲人,亚马逊河上游秘鲁森林的原住民用它来制作装饰品和日常使用的小器物。

象牙-蔬菜种子

生产植物象牙的物种

象牙棕榈很小(最高5米高),生长缓慢(第一颗果实在植株15岁左右时出现)。 每年产生约15个果实,每个果实有20颗种子(也就是说,每株植物每年有约300颗种子)。

其他物种,来自同一家族( 帕尔马 菊科 ),其生产的象牙是,例如: Phytelephas aequatorialis Hyphaene thebaica .

历史事实

在维多利亚时期,象牙植物在制造小盒子方面非常流行,针、顶针和测量带都放在里面。

在维多利亚女王(1819-1901年,1837年起在位)的丈夫阿尔伯特亲王(1819-1861年)的赞助下,在伦敦海德公园的水晶宫举行的第一次大型世界博览会(1851年5月1日至10月15日)上,参观者能够惊叹于珍贵、稀有和异国的物品,例如印度Koh-i-Noor钻石,这是当时最大的切割钻石。众所周知,这是由英国东印度公司提供给维多利亚女王的。

在展出的数千件物品中,有一个奇怪的象牙蔬菜塔,由英国公司创造。 本杰明-泰勒 克莱肯韦尔的 .

1851年世界博览会上展出的象牙-植物制成的塔。

这座塔仍然保存在位于伦敦郊区的邱皇家植物园的经济植物学博物馆的藏品中。 在法国的克雷赞西地区,有一家知名的象牙-植物纽扣出口工厂,在第一次世界大战期间,于1918年7月29日至30日夜间被完全摧毁,原因是它接近于参加了第二次马恩河战役。

在1850-1950年间,象牙与珍珠母一起,是制造纽扣的最重要的原材料之一,但在第二次世界大战后,由碳氢化合物制成的新的合成产品的引入决定了它的衰落。

See_also: 玩泥巴

公平和可持续贸易

植物象牙是一种道德上的替代物,可替代从非洲大象牙齿上获得的象牙( 非洲狐狸 ),其贸易被国际协议(CITES附录I)所禁止(或严格限制)。

象牙菜来自于野生植物,是自然资源可持续管理的经济资产。

今天,它被用来制造生物首饰和小型装饰品,通常由在公平贸易领域工作的公司出售。

照片: Luís Mendonça de Carvalho

See_also: 苏兰干白玉兰的罕见之美

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Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.