Habka noole berdaha Hindiya
![Habka noole berdaha Hindiya](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0.jpg)
Shaxda tusmada
![](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0.jpg)
![](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0.jpg)
Magacyada caanka ah: Pickly pear, prickly pear, pear prickly, pear shaydaanka, khudaarta, calafka timireed, piteira, tuna, tabaio, tabaibo iyo nopal.
Magaca sayniska: Opuntia ficusindica Mill.
Asal ahaan: Meksiko iyo Ameerikada Dhexe.
Qoyska: Cactaceae Curiosities: Citaannada bani'aadamku waxa uu ka bilaabmay 9000 sano ka hor Mexico. Waxaa la soo bandhigay Yurub 1515, waxaa keenay Christopher Columbus. Algarve iyo Alentejo, cacti-yadani waxay koreen duurjoogta qarniyaal waxaana loo isticmaali jiray in lagu xaddido guryaha iyo quudinta doofaarka; riyaha iyo idaha ku farxaan caleemaha. Warshadan ayaa la iska indhatiray Portugal - waxay ahayd 2009-kii oo kaliya in beertii pear-ka ee ugu horeysay lagu rakibay wax soo saarka. Soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn aduunka waa Mexico, Italy iyo South Africa
Sidoo kale eeg: Daryeelida ubaxyada xagaagaSharaxaad: Warshad geedo leh, waxay gaari kartaa 2-5 mitir. Laamahu waxay ka kooban yihiin kalagoysyo hilib ah oo noqon kara alwaax, qaab ahaan oval, midab cagaar ah oo leh 2 cm qodax ah. Nidaamka xididka ee dusha sare, laamoodka ah wuxuu ku faafi karaa 10 ilaa 15 mitir.
Pollination / bacriminta: Ubaxyadu waa waaweyn yihiin, hermaphrodite (is-bacrin), oo leh jaalle ama orange-jaale ah. Waxaa jiri kara laba ubax sannadkii, mid gu'ga iyo kan kale ee dayrta hore, oo u baahan heerkul maalintii ka sarreeya 20ºC.
wareegga noolaha: Sannad walba (25-50 sano), wuxuu gaari karaa in ka badan 100 sano oo nolosha ah. Waxa kaliya oo ay bilaabataa in ay soo saarto sanadka 3aad waxayna gaartaa wax soo saar buuxa 8-10 sano.
Noocyada ugu badan ee la beero: Waxaa jira in ka badan 250 nooc oo adduunka ah. Waxaa jira noocyo cad, jaalle ah (ugu caansan), guduud iyo casaan. Dhirta ugu badan ee la isticmaalo waa: Magal Hailu, Tsaeda Ona, Berbenre, Limo, Meskel, Mot Kolea, Awkulkual Bahri.
Qaybta la cuni karo: Miraha (pseudoberry) waa miro huruud ah-orange ah oo ovoid ah. , guduud ama casaan. Dhererkiisu waa 5-9 cm, culeyskiisuna waa 100-200 g. Saxarku waa jelatin waana macaan
>![](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0-1.jpg)
Xaaladaha deegaanka
> Nooca cimilada: Ku-laylaha, kulayl-hoosaadka engegan, qabow iyo xataa lamadegaanka
Carro: Qoyaan, si fiican u miiray oo qoto dheer. Qalabku wuxuu noqon karaa bacaad, loamy, loam bacaad ah, silico-cyey, dhoobo dhoobo ah. Qaybaha Volcanogu waxay u fiican yihiin horumarinta dhirta. Waxay door bidaa pH inta u dhaxaysa 6 iyo 8.
Heerkulka: Ugu Fiican inta u dhaxaysa 15 iyo 20ºC Min: 6 ºC Ugu badnaan: 40 ºC
> horumarin xadhig:0 ºC Dhimashada dhirta: -7 ºC> Soo-gaadhista qorraxda: Qorrax buuxda iyo hadh qayb ah 5>
Qoyaanka jawiga: Hooseeyo
> Dhererka: Ilaa 2000 mitir.Bacriminta
>> 3> Bacriminta: Iyada oo leh compost organic, digada iyo cuntada lafaha.
Bacriminta cagaaran: Isku dhafka digirta iyo cawska, kuwaas oo la samayn karo dayrta-jiilaalka, si loo gooyo guga (kaliya 2da sano ee ugu horreeya noloshooda). bacrin hoose, oo aan loo baahnayn.
![](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0-2.jpg)
![](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0-2.jpg)
Farsamooyinka beerista
Diyaarinta ciidda: Ilaa ciidda dusha sare (ugu badnaan 15-20 cm qoto dheer) hawada at height of faafinta dhirta. Buuraha dhaadheer ee leh shabag xanaano caag ah.
> Isku-dhufasho: Goynta "Timir ama cladodes", inta u dhaxaysa Maarso iyo Abriil, dhammayso laba sano ama u qaybinta jajab (5-7) oo noqda geedka gu' iyo xagaaga. Si toosan u beer oo aas ilaa kala bar saamiga. Ku dhufashada shinnidu aad bay u yar tahay isticmaalka waxayna qaadataa waqti dheer in la soo galo wax soo saarka (shan sano)
Taariikhda beeritaanka: Gu'ga/Dayrta.
> Compass : 3-5 x 4-5 m.
Cabirrada: Goynta "Bakoorado duug ah" oo ka sarreeya 2 mitir; xakamaynta ubaxyada ugu horreeya si ay ubaxyada labaad u soo saaraan miro waaweyn; geedo yaryar (waxaad ku dhejin kartaa digaagga iyo idaha si ay u daaqaan); khafiifinta miraha (lix halkii cladode).
> Consociations: Oo ay la socdaan geedo geedo iyo malmal.
Sidoo kale eeg: geedka avocadoWaraabinta: Waa muhiimad yar, sida dhirta waxa ay u baahan tahay oo kaliya in la waraabiyo wakhtiyada abaarta ba'an.
Entomology and plant pathology
Cayayaanka: Dhicisyada, slugs, snails, mealybugs iyoXayawaanka jiirka
Cudurrada: Qulqulka (fungi iyo bakteeriyada)
Shilalka / cilladaha: Dabaylaha badda iyo woqooyiga u nugul.
![](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0-3.jpg)
![](/wp-content/uploads/plantas/4041/lpk5n01sg0-3.jpg)
Gooritaanka oo la isticmaalo
> Goorta la goosanayo: Miraha waxaa lagu guraa galoofyada ama qalabyada gaarka ah laga bilaabo dhammaadka xagaaga ilaa bilowga dayrta, iyadoo la fulinayo a maroojin yar. Ubax ka dib, waxay qaadataa 110-150 maalmood si ay miro u bislaadaan.Soo saarida: 10-15 t/hektar/sanad; Hal geed ayaa soo saari kara 350-400 miraha.
>Xaaladaha kaydinta: 6-8 oC leh 85-95% qoyaan, 3-7 toddobaad, oo lagu duudduubay filim daloola polyetylen.
Dhinaca Nafaqeynta: Qani ku ah sonkorta, oo leh heerar wanaagsan oo ah kalsiyum, fosfooraska, iron, potassium, magnesium iyo vitamin C, A, B1 iyo B2.
> Waxaa la cuni karaa mid cusub, qallalan, casiir, cabitaan khamri ah, macaanka iyo jelliyada. Loo isticmaalo soo saarista dheeha (miro cas). Brazil, waxa loo isticmaalaa calafka lo'da> Alaabada dawooyinka: Waxa loo isticmaalaa dawooyinka dawooyinka si loogu daweeyo cudurrada kaadi mareenka iyo neef-mareenka, sidoo kale waa antidiabetic iyo diuretic. Abuurka ayaa soo saara saliid loo isticmaalo alaabta la isku qurxiyo
Talo-bixin Khabiir
Dalagyada pear-ka ah ayaa ku korayay Portugal tan iyo 2008, iyada oo taageero laga helayo Gobolka (INIAV), cilmi baarista, iyo ProDeR , in Rakibaadda iyomaalgelinta. Ahaanshaha dhaqan leh kharash yar iyo hirgelinta fudud, ma adkaan doonto in la sameeyo tijaabo yar oo la xaqiijiyo la qabsiga iyo soo saarista pears prickly ee meeshaada. Sida geedka la qabsanaya xaaladaha xaddidan (biyaha iyo ciidda), waxay ka qayb qaadataa quudinta duurjoogta jira, soo jiidashada shinnida, kordhinta noolaha iyo hagaajinta dhulka, ka hortagga nabaad guurka. Waxa kale oo aad loogu isticmaalaa xayndaabyada iyo qurxinta beerta.
> >