桑葚

 桑葚

Charles Cook

是一种非常具有观赏性和生产力的树木,寿命非常长。

黑莓

俗称: Blackberry, mulberry, mulberry tree, mulberry tree.

学名: 莫里斯-阿尔巴 (白色)、 黑桑树 (黑色)、 红豆杉 (红色); 莫鲁斯 来自拉丁文名称 "晚",因为它是春季最后发育的树木。

资料来源: 亚洲(古波斯)。

家庭: 桑科。

历史事实

英国国王詹姆斯一世(1608年)下令,每个英国人都应该种植一棵桑树,以建立丝绸业。 不幸的是,他们种植的是黑色品种,虽然被蚕所欣赏,但得到的丝绸质量较差。 然而,许多美味的黑桑葚仍然存在,它们更甜,更容易被人类食用。 它可能是由英国人引进的罗马人在整个地中海地区,包括葡萄牙,因为它被希腊人和罗马人高度珍视。

特点

一种落叶阴凉树,可长到10-15米高。 它生长缓慢,20年后可长到7米高。 叶子长度为7-12厘米。

授粉/受精

这种树通常在同一棵树上有雌花和雄花,并且是自育的。 小白花在冬末和早春出现,由昆虫和风授粉。

生命周期

它们的寿命为150-250年,从第三年开始生产,在第十年才达到第一个可接受的产量。

最广泛种植的品种

黑莓: "塔塔里卡"、"巴恩斯"、"白俄"、"拉姆齐白"、"维多利亚"、"潘多拉"、"娜娜"、"拉西尼亚"、"巴基斯坦"、"特罗布里奇"、"索伯恩"、"白英"、"存根"。

黑莓: "黑波斯"、"香格里拉"、"大黑"、"詹姆斯王"、"切尔西"、"西班牙黑"、"马弗罗莫尼亚"、"伊利诺伊常青树"、"希克斯"、"新美国"、"惠灵顿"。

桑葚: "约翰逊"、"特维斯"、"怀斯曼"、"库克"。

可食用部分

果实(果序)长3厘米。 非常多汁,口感清爽,有甜酸味。 黑莓比红色和白色的更大、更甜,但两者都可以食用。

桑葚

环境条件

气候类型: 暖温带和亚热带气候区。

土壤: 它们喜欢轻盈、肥沃的钙质粘土性质的土壤,湿润、排水良好、肥沃而深厚。pH值应在5.5-7.0之间。

温度: 20-30℃(最佳);3℃(最低);35℃(最高);0℃(发育停止);-11℃(植物死亡)。

See_also: 在你的花园里种植玫瑰花

阳光照射: 全日照或部分阴凉。

海拔高度: 400-600米。

See_also: 菠萝:纺织纤维的一个来源

水的数量: 25至30毫米/周,在无性繁殖周期中,在要求最严格(开花和结果)和干旱时期。

大气的湿度: 中到高。

受精

受精 农作物:鸡、火鸡和猪的粪便,堆肥和骨粉。 有报告称,使用木灰的效果很好。 牛的泥浆,充分稀释,可以浇灌。

绿肥: 豆类、苜蓿、羽扇豆和其他豆类。

联合会 马铃薯和玉米。

营养需求: 1:1:1或2:1:2(N:P:K)。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 应使用深犁(20-30厘米)对土壤进行深耕,以疏松土壤,使其通气和减压,最后进行分级。

乘法: 扦插(15-16厘米长),2年生,至少有一个芽,在春天进行,或用当年的种子,新鲜采摘。

种植日期: 冬天--春天的开始。

填充/铣削: 稻草、动物垫料的干草、稻壳和稻草及堆肥。

指南针: 5×5或5×6米。

悲哀: 修剪是必要的,因为枝条容易生长并接触地面。

浇水: 在夏季和播种、开花和结果之后,应该更频繁地进行。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 鸟类(黑鸟、鹦鹉和其他)、蚧壳虫、果蝇、螨虫和线虫。

疾病: 癌症、细菌性疾病、根腐病、白粉病和病毒病。

事故/伤害: 它不喜欢有风的地方。

收获和使用

何时收获: 收获是在果实基本变黑时进行的,但这非常困难,因为果实往往在达到最终成熟度之前就从树上掉下来了。 最好的办法是铺上防水布,摇晃树枝,然后挑选掉下来的果实。

生产: 4-7公斤/年。

储存条件: 它们非常容易腐烂,所以储存这种水果并不实际。

最佳消费季节: 春天

营养价值: 含有丰富的维生素A和C,钙和纤维。

消费的季节: 5-6月。

用途: 黑莓的白色和黑色果实可以食用。 黑莓可以用来制作果酱、果冻、橘子酱、饮料、葡萄酒、醋和利口酒,用过的叶子可以用来喂蚕。 树干可以提供实木,用于木工和细木工。 醋和果冻也可以制作。

药用价值: 叶子和果实都有提神、通便、利尿、防治糖尿病和抗氧化的作用,具有镇静作用(失眠和压力)。

专家建议

这是一种产量很高的树,但果实非常脆弱,容易腐烂,因此很难运输到其他地方。 最理想的是在当地食用或收集起来制作果酱。 在葡萄牙,这种树很适合在中部和北部地区生长。

文字和照片:Pedro Rau

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Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.