无花果树的栽培

 无花果树的栽培

Charles Cook

俗称: 无花果树,Ficus,gameleira。

学名: Ficus carica L.

资料来源: 亚洲

家庭: 桑科

See_also: 菠菜:生长形式

历史事实: 在新石器时代(公元前5000年)的发掘中发现了无花果的遗迹。 公元前1900年在埃及的墓葬中发现了无花果收获图。

描述: 树高4-14米,树干直径可达17-20厘米,含有乳汁。 根系可伸入地下15米以上,有掌状落叶。

授粉/受精: 大多数品种都是孤雌生殖,有雌花和雄花的自育能力。 花朵被封闭在 "合欢花 "中。 它们与外界环境没有接触,没有自发的花粉交换。

生物循环: 无花果树可以活很多年,它在5-6年时开始生产,但在12-15年时达到最大产量,40岁时就会失去活力。

最广泛种植的品种: 有数百个品种,但最著名的是:"Pingo de Mel"(白麝香)、"Torres Novas"、"Colar"、"Napolitana Negra"、"Florancha"、"Turco Castanho"(红)、"Lampa Preta"、"Maia"、"Dauphine"、Colar de Albatera、"Toro Sentado"、"Tio António"、"Goina"、"Branca de Maella"(红)、"Verdal"、"Pele de Toro"(黑),"Bebera"(红),"Branco Regional"、"Branco doDouro "和 "Rei"(红色)。

可食用部分: 这种 "水果",其实并不是真正的水果,而是一种 "Sinconio",一种带有大量芳香和甜味的花朵的空腔。

环境条件

气候类型: 热带和亚热带

土壤: 它能适应所有类型的土壤,但更喜欢肥沃、透水的土壤。 其pH值应在6.6-8.5之间。

温度: 最佳温度:18-19ºC 最小:-8ºC 最大:40ºC 植物死亡:-15ºC。

阳光照射: 全日照。

水的数量 :600-700毫米/年。

海拔高度: 在800-1800米之间。

受精

受精: 猪和火鸡的粪便以及施用蛭石和鱼粉。

绿肥: 法瓦。

营养需求: 1-2-2(N-P-K),加钙。

收获和使用

何时收获: 无花果连续开花,可在夏末秋初收获(8/9月--收获的无花果),但有些 "果实 "在冬季不发育,在第二年春天完成成熟(5/7月--无花果片)。 只有一次收获的品种,在7/8月成熟。

生产: 180-360个水果/年或50-150公斤/年。

储存条件: 在10ºC和85%的相对湿度下,无花果可以储存21天。

用途: 新鲜的或干燥的,它被用于许多糖果的制作。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 线虫,果蝇,无花果叶蝉,无花果甲虫。

疾病: 根腐病、交感神经病、灰霉病和无花果镶嵌病毒。

事故/伤害: 对风和频繁的降雨很敏感。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 用 "actisol "类型的工具或耕作机浅浅地耕作土壤(最深15厘米)。

乘法: 通过2-3年的扦插,直径1.25-2厘米,长20-30厘米,在树木无叶时进行。

种植日期: 从11月到3月。

指南针: 5×5米(使用最多的)或6×6米。

悲哀: 修剪应在秋/冬进行;在成熟期进行修剪;锄草和除草。

浇水: 通过滴水,只有在长时间的干旱后才会出现。

See_also: 2019年1月的农历

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.