鹰嘴豆的种植

 鹰嘴豆的种植

Charles Cook

俗称: 鹰嘴豆、鹰嘴豆、鹰嘴豆、加豆和鹰嘴豆。

学名: 红豆 L. "Cicer "是力量的意思,因为普林尼认为它具有出色的营养品质;"arietinum "这个名字是由于谷物的形状与 "arietino"(绵羊)的头部相似。

资料来源: 高加索以南的国家,在希腊和喜马拉雅山之间。

家庭: 巴比伦科(Papionideae (脉冲)。

特点: 一种小型草本植物,高20-60厘米,有短柔毛,有腺体,有蔓延而非生长的趋势。 叶子是浅绿色或灰绿色,有 "毛",含有腺体,在夏季分泌粘稠的物质。 花是单生的,白色、粉红色或紫色。 这些花之后是短而膨胀的豆荚,每个豆荚含有两个种子。

历史事实: 在地中海地区、埃塞俄比亚和印度都有考古发现,可以追溯到公元前5000-2000年。 在杰里科也进行了挖掘,发现了可以追溯到9000年前的谷物化石。 在古希腊,自荷马时代就有种植,名为 "Erebinthos";在埃及也非常珍贵,但自基督教时代才知道其存在。 在伊比利亚半岛,这种植物最大的粮食生产国是印度(80%)和巴基斯坦(5-10%),在欧洲是西班牙,占2-3%。 在葡萄牙,生产粮食最多的地区是阿连特茹,产量约为70%。

生物循环: 每年110-140(天)。

最广泛种植的品种: 最广泛种植的是:'Macrocarpum Jaub'、'globosum Alef'(白中带黄)、'vulgare'(黑色)、'Fuscum Alef'(红褐色)、'Ruthydospermum Jaub'(红色颗粒)、'Calia Italian'(褐色)、Kabuli Black'(黑色)。 在葡萄牙,有以下品种:'Chickpeas' 、' Chickpeas Especioso' 、' Chickpeas Minis Smooth' 和' Chickpeas Black' 。

可食用部分: 种子(粒),直径8-10毫米,扁球形或扁平,棕白色或红黑色。

环境条件

土壤: 中等质地(沙质壤土、沙质粘土)或强壮的(粘土、粘土),富含石灰石,排水良好且深。pH值应在6.0-7.5。

气候区: 温暖的温带。

温度:

最佳状态:15-20 ºC

最低:-3 ºC

See_also: 根喜鹊

最高:40 ºC

开发停止:0 ºC

土壤温度:> 5 ºC。

阳光照射: 全光。

相对湿度: 最佳状态:60-70%。

降水: 800-1000毫米/年或播种后的每个月30-40毫米的雨量,直到收获前15天。

受精

受精: 有机物的施用应提前进行。 牛粪和鸡粪的施用应在播种前三个月进行。 在土壤中缺少这种元素的情况下,应进行石灰处理。

See_also: 关于东方芥末的一切

绿肥: 觅食芥末和辣根。

营养需求: 1:1:2(磷氮:钾)+钙和镁。

技术和培养

土壤准备: 用耙子或圆盘翻动土壤,深度为0.4-0.60米,以松动和风化土壤。

种植/播种的日期: 三月至四月。

种植/播种的类型: 将种子(可接种根瘤菌),直接放入沟渠或壕沟。 播种前24小时可将种子放在温水中。

发育期(年): 3年。

发芽: 在3-15天内。

深度: 2-3厘米("鹰嘴豆喜欢看到它们的主人回家")。

指南针: 10-20 x 40-70厘米

协会: 与角豆树、杏仁、无花果、橄榄树、葡萄树、普鲁诺德树和波莫德树、玉米、豆类和葫芦科植物。

轮换: 应间隔4-5年,并与谷类草(小麦、大麦、黑麦)、向日葵和玉米穿插种植。

悲哀: Sachas和mondas,轻装上阵。

浇水: 一滴一滴。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 蚜虫、象鼻虫、苍蝇、谷蛾、鸟(鸽子和云雀)、兔子。

疾病: 镰刀菌、叶斑病、白粉病和根瘤菌(真菌)。

事故: 对霜冻(开始时)、冰雹和强风很敏感。

收获和使用

何时收获: 从7月到8月,当谷物呈金黄色并即将变干时。

生产: 400-3000公斤/公顷。

储存条件: 一旦在干燥和通风的环境中晒干,它们可以持续2-3年。

营养价值: 富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物盐(钙、磷、铁)维生素(B1、B2、PP)、能量值、易消化。

用途: 也可用于动物饲料(全株),使动物增肥,影响牛奶的产量和质量。

照片:Pedro Rau

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.