番石榴的种植

 番石榴的种植

Charles Cook

俗称: 番石榴,番石榴,番石榴-帕拉,或阿拉卡瓜苏。

学名: Psidum guajava或P. Pommiferum。

资料来源: 美洲(热带地区)、巴西和墨西哥。

家庭: 桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)。

历史事实/奇闻异事: 在英国,番石榴被称为 "果酱果",因为它以这种形式被广泛食用。 番石榴的种子非常顽强,被装在鸟的肚子里,通过鸟的粪便播种在各个热带地区。

描述: 树木,质朴,可高达2-9米,树干直径为10-30厘米,几乎都有突出的树皮。

授粉/受精: 白色的花朵在夏季出现在年轻的枝条上,可以是很多,孤立的或小群的,放在枝条的腋下。 它的授粉很容易,因为花朵向昆虫开放,非常吸引它们。 只需要一棵树就可以开花结果。

生物循环: 它在3-4岁时开始生产,6-7岁时完全生产。 番石榴树可以达到20-30岁,但10岁时产量开始下降。

最广泛种植的品种: 有两大类番石榴(最重要的):

  • 类似苹果的品种,圆形,果肉为红色,如 "红卡斯特达苹果"、"红印度"、"红宝石"、"粉红印度 "和 "多米尼加红"。
  • 具有白色或粉红色果肉的双峰型番石榴,如 "佩拉"、"至尊"、"大白"。

可食用部分: 被称为番石榴的果实是一种浆果,长25-100毫米,呈梨形或椭圆形,果肉呈粉红色、红色或白色的芳香。 果皮为黄绿色。 它具有非常独特和强烈的味道、香气和香水。

环境条件

气候类型: 热带、亚热带甚至温带地中海地区(葡萄牙)。

土壤: 对土壤要求不高,但喜欢沙质、深层和肥沃的透水土壤。 中等质地的土壤最适合这种作物。 理想的pH值为5.5-6。

温度: 最佳温度:24-27ºC 最小:0ºC 最大:40ºC 停止生长:0ºC 植物死亡:-2至-3ºC。

阳光照射: 全日照(2300小时/年)。

水的数量: 1500-2500毫米/年。

See_also: 肉桂,一种对你的健康有益的植物

大气的湿度: 在50-80%之间。

海拔高度: 0-800 m.

受精

受精: 鸡、火鸡和猪的粪便、堆肥和骨粉。 有报道称应用木灰的效果很好。 可以用稀释好的牛粪浆浇灌。

绿肥: 豆类和其他豆类。

营养需求: 1:2:1(N:P:K)。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 在秋末用犁浅浅地翻耕土壤,并通过圆盘耙。

乘法: 通过种子(最常用的)和钉子的方式。

种植日期: 雨天里的春天。

指南针: 5×5米或6×6。

悲哀: 用圆盘耙来消灭杂草;在冬季进行清洁修剪,用波尔多混合物或胶泥涂抹切口。

协会: 只有在早年有花生、大豆、豆类、红薯、洋葱、大蒜和南瓜。

浇水: 暑假期间,一滴一滴。

See_also: 7个家庭和天然肥料

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: Cochineal,蓟马,线虫。

疾病: 各种真菌,如:Phitophthora, Armillaria, Botrytis, Sclerotinia。

事故/伤害: 对强风(30公里/小时)和太阳的照射很敏感。

收获和使用

何时收获: 9月/10月,开花后3-4个月。 始终在早上收获。

生产: 10-25公斤/年,盛产期。 在热带气候下,可达到60-70公斤的果实。

储存条件: 在7-8ºC和80-85%的相对湿度下。

营养价值: 富含维生素B和C,糖分、铁和钙含量高。

用途: 糖果业(番石榴酱、糖浆、冰淇淋和果冻)、果汁和新鲜水果。 在药用方面,果实可以通便,番石榴的叶子和树皮可用于治疗腹泻的输液。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.