向日葵:如何种植

 向日葵:如何种植

Charles Cook

俗称: 向日葵,太阳花。

学名: Heliaanthus annuus ("helio",太阳和 "anthos",花)。

资料来源: 北美洲和中美洲。

家庭: 菊花状或复合状。

特点: 高60厘米至2.5米,茎宽2-6厘米,有一个枢轴根,可深入4-5米(根的高度在成熟时大于茎的高度)。

叶子很大,每株有12-40片。 花朵呈 "章 "状或头状。 果实由瘦果组成,种子就在其中。

受精/授粉: 异性繁殖,由蜜蜂、大黄蜂和其他昆虫进行。

大多数品种不是自花授粉,它们需要异花授粉,最近引进了一些自花授粉的栽培品种。

历史事实: 公元前3000年,亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州的土著部落种植了这种植物,1510年征服墨西哥后到达西班牙,17世纪到达东欧国家。

在19世纪的第一个十年,向日葵在俄罗斯得到了适应性改造,1830年,一位俄罗斯农民 "Bocáresv "安装了一台小型榨油机来榨油,从那时起,它就被作为一种油籽植物进行栽培。

在葡萄牙,它到达了该国的北部和南部,但只用于在边界种植,以喂养鸟类。 今天,这种作物在阿连特茹已经有一定的影响。 它是世界上消费最多的植物油之一。

生物循环: 每年(110-170天)。

最广泛种植的品种: 有数百种,其特点是早熟、富含油分、高度和花的美丽。 最著名的品种是:白色、黑色和条纹的种子。

See_also: 适合阴凉处的花朵

有用于榨油的品种:"Adalid"、"Fantasia"、"Toledo"、"Rostov"、"Portassol "等。 用于人类消费的种子:"Agrossur"、"Alcazaba"、"狮鬃"(梵高画的)等数百种新品种。 也有用于生产切花的品种:"Strawberry Blonde"、"Teddy bear"、"Holiday"。 使用部分:种子和花瓣(苦甜味)。

环境条件

土壤: 它喜欢壤质沙土、凉爽而深厚的土壤,排水良好,富含有机物。pH值在6.2-7之间。

气候区: 热带、亚热带、温带和赤道地区。

温度: 最佳:21-25°C 最低:4°C 最高:40°C

发展的止境: 5ºC。

土壤温度: > 比10ºC。

阳光照射: 阳光充足,日照时间长。 向日葵做向日葵(跟随太阳)。

相对湿度: 中度至高度。

降水: 500-800毫米/年。

海拔高度: 0- 1000 m.

受精

受精: 分解良好的牛、兔或羊粪。 绿肥:黑麦草、油菜、大田豆和苜蓿。 营养要求:1:2:2或2:1:2,2:1:3(氮磷钾)+硼。

植物类型 消耗土壤,如果过量施用会积累硝酸盐。

See_also: 芙蓉花:栽培表

栽培技术

土壤准备: 在初冬或春季进行深耕,并进行底层耕作和耙地,深度为30-45厘米

种植/播种的日期: 春季(3-5月)。

种植/播种的类型: 在小花盆中播种,或直接在地里成团播种(2-3粒种子)。

发芽时间: 10-30天。

发育期(年): 3年以上。

深度: 4-6厘米。

指南针: 线上20-45人,线下40-80人。

移植: 当它有10-15厘米高时。

轮换: 在小麦、大麦或燕麦之前,它就会留下大量的有机残留物,转化为腐殖质。 还实行轮换制:苜蓿-鳟鱼-吉拉索尔-小麦。

在马铃薯作物之后,豆类作物(豌豆、蚕豆、扁豆)之前。 土地应间隔4年种植。

协会: 马铃薯、黄瓜和玉米。

悲哀: 在行间除草和覆土。

浇水: 在播种时和开花至收获时,灌溉量应为25-60升/平方米,只有在大干旱时期才用沟渠或毯子灌溉。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 品,灰毛虫,象鼻虫,飞蛾,鸟。

疾病: 霜霉病、根腐病、轮纹病、肉毒杆菌、硬核病。

事故: 霜冻,对盐度的耐受性低。

收获和使用

何时收获: 当50%的花朵开放,苞片呈褐色时,可持续10/12天。 在9月和10月之间收获。

生产: 在1000-3500公斤/公顷之间。

储存条件: 种子可以被晒干并加工成油,或用于消费整个种子。

如果相对湿度为60%,温度为60ºC,种子在一段时间后会稳定其湿度,如果是用于榨油,种子的湿度为7.1%,如果是用于消费,则为9.2%。

营养价值: 蛋白质价值高,富含维生素E、B1、B2、B3、A、D和E,钙、磷和铁。

消费的季节: 10月-11月。

用途

食物: 葵花籽被用于制造生物柴油,特别是在巴西。

药用: 种子对心脏问题、身体和精神刺激以及胃病都有好处。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.