石榴树

 石榴树

Charles Cook

了解如何有机地种植这种装饰性的树,它能产生美味和健康的水果。

技术数据表

(石榴--石榴--石榴汁):

学名: Punica granatum L.

资料来源: 南亚和西南亚(巴勒斯坦、伊朗、巴基斯坦和阿富汗)以及希腊。

家庭: 番荔枝科

历史事实:

公元前,腓尼基人、希腊人、埃及人、阿拉伯人和罗马人都在栽培石榴。 在柏林的埃及博物馆,我们可以看到公元前1470年埃及第18王朝时期的三个石榴。 罗马人称它为迦太基苹果,它被认为是秩序、财富和生育力的象征。 它是一种 "圣经中的水果",因为它在圣书中多次被提到。 它也被赞赏为这句话是埃及人说的,因为它被画在拉美西斯四世的一个墓穴上。

在以色列,它被认为是一种神圣的植物,甚至有一个传说,将所罗门国王的王冠形状归结为石榴杯,当时世界上所有的国王都戴着石榴杯。 主要产地是:地中海地区、阿拉伯、伊朗、阿富汗和加利福尼亚。

石榴花

描述:

一种落叶小乔木或灌木,高度可达2-7米,叶子落叶。 根系较浅,可以达到很远的距离。 植株会产生旺盛的嫩枝,必须淘汰,只留下最强壮的(或只有一个)。 叶子对生,光滑,叶柄短。 果实呈球状,有冠状的,红色或黄红色的皮肤,带有许多有棱角的种子覆盖着一小层带红色或粉红色的、略微透明的果肉。

授粉/受精:

花是雌雄同体的(它们有两种 "性别"),它们在一年中出现在枝头,不需要超过一棵树就能开花结果。 它们从4月到7月开花。

生物循环:

该树在第3年开始生产,在11年达到完全生产,可以活到100年。

最广泛种植的品种:

可以根据以下因素选择品种:成熟度指数(酸或甜)、大小、种子硬度、皮肤颜色和收获时间。

其中包括:"Mollar de Elche"(大而深红的水果)、"Albar"、"San Felipe"、"Cajín"(大而苦甜的水果)、"Piñón tierno"、"Dulce colorada"、"De Granada"、"Chelfi"、"Gabsi"、"Ajelbi"、"Tounsi"、"Zeri"、"Maiki"、"Tanagra"(希腊)、"Ar-Anar"、"Selimi"、"Wardy"、"Reed Kandagar"、"Wonderful"、"纸壳"(非常甜、大红果)、"Grano de Elche"(大、红色谷物)暗红色和小 "石头"),以及 "普罗旺斯的格林纳迪"(在法国)。

可食用部分:

果实(balausta)呈球状。 叶子、根和果皮也可用于药用。

红石榴果实

环境条件

气候类型:

亚热带是最好的(夏季炎热和干燥),但你也可以适应热带和温带。

  • 土壤:深层、凉爽、沙质壤土或粘土,排水良好,呈碱性。
  • 温度:最佳:15-25 ºC;最小:15 ºC;最大:40 ºC。
  • 冻结:-18 ºC。
  • 植物死亡:-20℃。
  • 阳光照射:全日照。
  • 水量(最小降雨量):200毫米/年,但生产优质水果的理想水量为500-700毫米/年。
  • 大气湿度:中等至低。

受精

  1. 肥料:土耳其、绵羊和牛粪。 施用素土、富含藻类的肥料、骨粉和有机堆肥。
  2. 绿肥:黑麦草和蚕豆。
  3. 营养需求:3-1-2或2-1-3(N:P:K)以及大量的钙和镁。

栽培技术

土壤准备:

在夏季将土壤犁到50-80厘米深。 用旋耕机加入充分腐烂的肥料。

乘法:

扦插,枝龄在6-12个月之间,长20-30厘米,直径0.5-2厘米。 应在2-3月间进行,放在温室中的花盆里。

  • 种植日期:冬季(1-2月),植株年龄超过2年。
  • 罗盘:6 x 4米或5 x 4米。
  • 修剪:修剪 "偷窃 "枝,训练和生产修剪;果实除草。
  • 浇水:局部(滴灌),3000-6000立方米/公顷/年(在最干旱的时期)。
红石榴果实

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害:

Zeuzera、蚜虫、粉蚧、线虫、地中海果蝇(Ceratitis capitata)和红螨。

疾病:

Alternaria,果实腐烂和筛子。

See_also: 本月最佳水果: 黑莓

事故/伤害:

开裂、"中暑"(温度高、阳光强烈的日子)和烫伤(盐水和排水不良)。 不利于长期干旱,然后下大雨。

收获和使用

何时收获:

从9月到11月,当果实获得其特有的重量(180-350克)和颜色时,或多或少在开花后5-7个月。

See_also: 使用洋葱的家庭疗法

生产:

盛产时40-50公斤/棵/年。 一棵11年的树可以生产500-600个水果。

储存条件:

它应该在5 ºC,85-95%的相对湿度和控制乙烯和二氧化碳的条件下进行,它可以保存1-2个月。

用途:

在医学上,它具有利尿和收敛的特性,可抗击胆固醇和动脉硬化。

营养成分(每100克):

50千卡,0.4克脂肪,0.4克蛋白质,12种碳水化合物,3.4克纤维。 它富含钙、磷、铁、钠、钾和维生素A、B和C。

专家建议:

装饰性树种,用于花园(观赏性品种),喜欢地中海气候,耐干旱。 选择甜美的品种,根据位置进行训练(作为灌木或乔木)。 对土壤的选择要求不高,对质量差和不太肥沃的土壤适应性好。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.