Magacyada caanka ah: Ubaxa qoraxda helio ”, qoraxda iyo “anthos”, ubaxa).

Asal ahaan: Waqooyiga iyo Bartamaha Ameerika.

Qoyska: Asteraceae ama Composites

Astaamaha: 60 cm ilaa 2.5 mitir sare, leh jirid 2-6 cm ballac ah, oo leh taroot gasha qoto dheer 4-5 mitir (dhererka xididka, waa ka weyn dhererka jiridda ee marxaladda qaangaarka).

Caleemo waaweyn, inta u dhaxaysa 12-40 geedkiiba. Ubaxyadu waxay kuxiran yihiin "cutub" ama madax. Miraha waxa ay ka kooban yihiin finan, halka iniinaha la geliyo.

Sidoo kale eeg: Strawberry: baro sida loo koro

Bacriminta/Pollination: Taran Allogamic, oo ay fuliyaan shinni, bumblebees iyo cayayaanka kale.

Inta badan Noocyo ka mid ah ma aha kuwo is-bacrin ah, waxay u baahan yihiin isdhaafsi-pollination, dhawaanahan qaar ka mid ah cultivars is-bacrin ah ayaa la soo bandhigay.

Xaqiiqooyinka Taariikhiga ah: Waxaa la beeray tan iyo 3000 BC. Qabiilada Hindida ee ku nool Territory of Arizona iyo New Mexico. Waxay timid Spain, ka dib qabsashadii Mexico ee 1510, iyada oo gaadhay wadamada Bariga Yurub qarnigii 17aad.

Tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay qarnigii 19aad, Sunflower waxay la qabsatay Ruushka iyo 1830, Ruush beeralay , "Bocáresv" ayaa ku rakibay madbacad yar si uu saliidda uga saaro, tan iyo markaas waxaa lagu beeray sidii geed geedo ah.beeridda xudduudaha quudinta shimbiraha. Maanta dhaqankani wuxuu horey u lahaa xoogaa saameyn ah Alentejo. Waa mid ka mid ah saliidaha ugu badan ee la isticmaalo adduunka

> Cycle Biological: Annual (110-170 days).

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> Noocyada ugu badan ee la beero: Waxaa jira boqolaal , kuwaas oo lagu garto precocity, qani ku ah saliidda, dhererka iyo quruxda ubaxa. Noocyada ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah: caddaan, madow iyo xariijimo.

Waxaa jira cultivars saliidda: "Adalid", "Fantasia", "Toledo", "Rostov", "Portasol", iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Isticmaalka bini'aadamka ee miraha: "Agrossur", "Alcazaba", "Lion's Mane" ( rinji Van Gogh ) oo ka mid ah boqollaal beerood oo cusub. Waxaa sidoo kale jira noocyo loogu talagalay soo saarista ubaxyada la gooyey: "Strawberry Blonde", "Teddy bear", "Fasaxa". Qayb la isticmaalo: Seeds iyo petals (dhadhan qadhaadh)

Xaaladaha Deegaanka

Carrada: Waxay door bidaa carrada cammuudda ah, carro cusub iyo mid qoto dheer oo leh dheecaan wanaagsan oo qani ku ah walxaha organic. pH inta u dhaxaysa 6.2 - 7.

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> Aagga Cimilada: Kulaylaha, Kulaylaha hoose, Heerkulka iyo dhulbaraha 4ºC ugu badnaan: 40 °C

Joojinta Horumarka: 5ºC.

Heerkulka ciidda: > in ka badan 10ºC.

Soo-gaadhista qorraxda: Qorrax buuxa, maalmo dheer. Gabbaldayaha waxay qabataa Heliotropism (waxay raacdaa qorraxda)

Qoyaan qaraabo ah: dhexdhexaad ilaa sare.

Roob: 500-800mm/sanad.

Dagaalka: 0- 1000 m , si fiican u qudhuntay. Bacriminta cagaaran: Ryegrass, colza, favarola iyo alfalfa. Shuruudaha nafaqada: 1: 2: 2 ama 2: 1: 2, 2: 1: 3 (nitrojiin of fosfooraska: of potassium) + boron.

Nooca dhirta : daal carrada, Nitrate-ku wuu ururin karaa haddii si xad dhaaf ah loo mariyo.

Farsamooyinka Beerista

Diyaarinta Ciidda: Beeritaanka qotada dheer ee jiilaalka hore ama gu'ga, oo leh carro-hoosaad iyo harrow moolka 30- 45cm

Taariikhda la beero/beeray: Guga (Maarso-Maajo). si toos ah dhulka godadka (2-3 abuurka)

Waqtiga biqilka: 10-30 maalmood.

Awoodda Jarmalka (sanadaha): > In ka badan 3 sano.

Qoto dheer: 4-6 cm.

Compass: 20-45 in line iyo 40-80 inta u dhaxaysa safafka

Beeritaanka: Marka uu dhererkiisu yahay 10-15 cm.

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wareejin: Ka hor inta aan qamadi, shaciir ama sarreen, dabadeed wax badan ka tagin hadhaaga organic, kuwaas oo loo beddelo humus. Wareegga ayaa sidoo kale lagu dhaqmaa: lucerne-wheat-sunflower-wheat.

Dalagyada baradhada ka dib, iyo ka hor dalagga leguminous (digir, digir ballaaran, lentil). Dhulku waa inuu u dhexeeyaa 4 sano.

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Is-dhex-galka: Baradhada, qajaarka iyo galleyda

Xaaqid: Goynta dhirta, iyo “ Mulching" inta u dhaxaysaKhadadka.

Watering: Marka la beero iyo laga bilaabo inflorescence ilaa goosashada, waraabinta waa in ay ahaataa 25-60l/m2 oo kaliya xilliyada abaarta weyn, oo ay sameeyaan jeexjeexyada ama bustayaal .

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Entomology and plant pathology

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>Cayayaannada: Gooryaanka, diir cawl, cawl, aboor, shimbiro.

> 1>> 3>Ceebaha hoose, qudhunka xididka, verticillosis, qudhunka cawl (botrytis), Sclerotine.

Shilalka: Barafka, dulqaadka milixda hoose

Goorta la goosanayo: Marka 50% ubaxu furmo oo bracts ay noqdaan bunni oo ay socdaan 10/12 maalmood. Waxa la goostaa inta u dhaxaysa Sebtembar iyo Oktoobar

> Wax soo saar: Inta u dhaxaysa 1000-3500 Kg / ha.

Xaaladda kaydinta: Iniinaha waa la qallajin karaa oo loo beddelo saliid ama in la isticmaalo iniinaha oo dhan.

Haddii qoyaanka qaraabo yahay 60% heerkulkuna yahay 60ºC, iniinuhu waxay dejiyaan qoyaankooda muddo ka dib, marka iniinuhu leeyihiin 7.1 % haddii ay yihiin saliid iyo 9.2% haddii la isticmaalo.

Sidoo kale eeg: Hibiscus: xaashida beerashada >

>Qiimaha nafaqada: Qiimaha borotiinka oo sarreeya oo qani ku ah fitamiin E, B1, B2, B3, A, D iyo E, calcium, fosfooraska iyo birta.

Waqtiga isticmaalka: Oktoobar-Noofambar.

Waxay isticmaasha >

> Cuntada : saliid gabbaldayaha , isticmaalka abuurka iyo tufaax, diyaarinta rootiga iyo keega. Abuurka waxaa loo isticmaalay Biodiesel, gaar ahaan kuwa ku jiraBrazil.

Daawaynta: Iniinuhu waxay u roon yihiin dhibaatooyinka wadnaha, kicinta jidhka iyo maskaxda iyo dhibaatooyinka caloosha.

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