Strawberry aad u macaan, si sahlan loo kori karo oo hodan ku ah antioxidants magaca >

>Fragaria spp. ama Fragaria x ananassa (isku-dhafan laba nooc F. chiloensis iyo F. virginiana )

Sidoo kale waxaa jira F. vesca (strawberry duurjoogta ah) iyo F. moschata (miro ka weyn duurjoogta) oo ka mid ah ilaa 20 nooc oo kale oo la cuni karo.

Asal ahaan

Yurub ( Fragaria x ananassa ) - noocyada ay ka dhalatay tan. hybrid waxay ka yimaadeen Peru ( F. virginiana ) iyo Chile ama Argentina ( F.

Xaqiiqooyinka taariikhiga ah iyo xiisaha

Noocyadii ugu horreeyay (duurjoogta) strawberry-ga waxa la dhaqay 2000 oo sano ka hor, noocyada ugu badan ee ganacsigana waxa ay dhasheen 250-300 oo keliya ka hor.

> Roomaaniyiintii hore iyo Giriigii hore waxay u beeri jireen geed strawberry duurjoogta ah 23-79 AD. Pliny waxay ku qeexday miraha sida "Fraga" (caraf) iyo sida wax soo saarka dabiiciga ah ee Talyaaniga

Tixraacyada ugu horreeya ee beerashada strawberry waxay ka muuqdaan kaliya suugaanta Faransiiska laga soo bilaabo 1300. Waxaa la ogaa in King Charles V uu lahaa wax ka badan 1000 geedo strawberry ah oo ku yaal beeraha boqortooyada ee Louvre ee Paris.

Waxay ahayd 1766 oo kaliya in Duchesne (Botanist Faransiis) ay go'aamisay in noocyada hadda jira ee dhirta strawberry ay ahaayeen isku-dhafan F. chiloensis x F. virginiana oo siiyeyMagaca Fragaria x ananassa si loo muujiyo udgoonka cananaaska ee ka imanaya midhaha.

Waxa soo saara strawberry-ga ugu muhiimsan waa Maraykanka, Isbaanishka iyo Japan. 4>

Warshad herbaceous ah oo joogto ah oo leh "tajka" dhexe (jirridka hawada), kaas oo ay ka dhashaan caleemaha, xididdada iyo "stolons" (gacmaha), laamo khaas ah (kuwaas oo ay ka soo baxaan dhirta cusub) iyo inflorescences .

Caleemuhu waa cagaar madow, qaar badana waxay da'aan jiilaalka si ay u muuqdaan kuwo cusub xilliga gu'ga

, waxayna ku noolaan kartaa 2-3 sano.

Pollination / bacriminta

Maska strawberry ma biqil haddii uu ka hooseeyo 11 ºC iyo in ka badan 30 ºC, maalmo gaaban, qorrax yar iyo sidoo kale haddii Geedku waxa uu leeyahay boron yaraan.

Pollination is anemophilous and entomophilous (bees and bumblebees). Cultivars waxay u badan yihiin hermaphrodites iyo is-bacrin.

wareegga noolaha

Multi-sannad, 1-3 sano, laakiin waxay noqon kartaa sanadle ah (inta badan door bidaan hal sano), laga bilaabo beerto ilaa goosashada, 90- 120 maalmood.

Sidoo kale eeg: Dhir, sheeko: Goodnight

Noocyada ugu badan ee la beero

Waxaa jira boqollaal beerood oo leh xilliyo kala duwan, precocity (dib-u-cusbooneysii iyo dib-u-dejin), nidaamka dhaqameed (carrada, hawada furan) iyo sifooyinka tayada miraha ( cabbirka, qaabka iyo nuxurka)

Sidaas darteed waxaan leenahaynoocyada soo socda: "Alexandria" (strawberry alpine "Camarosa" (inta badan lagu beeray adduunka), "Selva", "Chandler", "Oso Grande", "Pajaro", "Gorella", "Pocahontas", "Seascape", " Tudla ", "Elsanta", "Honeoye", "Emily" (hore), "Tamella", "Eros", "Darselect", "Pegasus", "Alice", "Bolero" (waarta), "Totem", " Sequoia” (dib u soo celinta)

Xaaladaha deegaanka

Nooca cimilada:

Cimilada kulaylaha hoose iyo dhulka-arctic iyo lamadegaanka, iyadoo ku xidhan noocyada kala duwan.

Carrada:<10

Iftiin ama dhexdhexaad ah, hawo leh, oo leh dheecaan wanaagsan, qani ku ah maadada organic iyo awoodda lagu hayo biyaha. Dhirta): 18 ilaa 25 ºC.

Daq: -30 ilaa -12ºC

2-3 ºC Miraha had iyo jeer waxay u baahan yihiin tiro saacado ah oo qabow (250-1500) inta u dhaxaysa -1 ºC iyo 10 ºC, si ay u jebiyaan hurdada (waxay kuxirantahay dhirta).

Xilliga Photo:

Inta badan cultivars ee Yurub waxay u baahan yihiin 8-14 saacadood oo iftiinka qoraxda

Shuruudaha biyaha:

400-600 mm / sannadkii

qoyaanka hawada :

60-80% qoyaan qaraabo ahmitir.

> 3>Bacriminta

Bacriminta:

Isticmaal idaha, lo'da (si fiican u qudhuntay) iyo digada gooryaanka.

Wax dabiici ah waa inay ahaataa mid sare, inta u dhaxaysa 3.5-4.5%. Potassium dabiiciga ah ee dhagaxyada waa in lagu daraa ciidda.

Digo cagaaran:

Mustard, badarka jiilaalka, dhir.

Nafaqeynta (Kg/ha): 61-135 (N), 48- 85 (P), 148-218 (K).

Shuruudaha nafaqeynta (saamiga walxaha muhiimka ah):

2:1:4 ama 2:1 :3 (N:P2O5:K2O), kalsiyum iyo bir badan.

> >

Farsamooyinka Beerista

Diyaarinta ciidda:

Ku dhibi ciidda dhulka hoostiisa. Marka laga hadlayo digada cagaaran, kuwan waa in la gooyaa oo lagu aaso xagal furan "qaado" gooyay iyo disc harrow.

Foomka cirifka wax yar ayaa kor loo qaadi karaa (30-40 cm sare), iyadoo la gelinayo strawberries qaybta ugu sarraysa, oo ah hal, labanlaab ama saddex laab. Masaafada u dhaxaysa tiirarka waa in ay ahaataa 60-80 cm.

Fadhi caws (flax, sarreen ama galley) ama cirbadaha geed inta u dhaxaysa sariiraha, dhumucdiisuna tahay 6-8cm (dariiqa), oo dhig meel ka hortagga haramaha. shaashadda carrada, adkaysi u leh (3-4 sano) ee cirifka.

Ku dhufashada:

Iyadoo la helayo dhir cusub oo strawberry ah oo leh taajaj dhexroor u dhexeeya 11-18 mm iyo qaybinta of "crowns" (hab aan la isticmaalin)

Marka la beerayo, taajku waa inuu ahaadaa heer dhulka

Taariikhda beeritaanka:

dayrta (Oktoobar-Nofeembar) oo leh dhir cusub

Compass:

50-80 cm fogaan u dhaxaysa saf iyo 20-40 cm inta u dhaxaysa dhirta isku safka ah.

Wareegid :

Iyadoo badarka jiilaalka, cawska, galleyda ay tahay horudhac wanaagsan. Waa in ay jirtaa 3-4 sano ka hor inta aanad ku soo laaban isla goobtii.

Consociations:

Tagetes (celiya nematodes), geranium, xikmad, poppies, thyme iyo borage, oo u fiican soo jiidashada. Bees and Bumblebees

Digir, salaar, toonta, basasha iyo isbinaajka ; nadiifinta dhammaan caleemaha qallalan iyo dhibka dayrta; manjooyin iyo ka saarista taajajka xad-dhaafka ah (dalagyada laba-sano jirka ah); baabi'inta hagayaasha; baabi'inta ubaxyada iyo jarista caleemaha, ka tagista kaliya caleemaha dhexe ee cusub (beero badan oo sanadle ah) ka dib goosashada; haramaha; Weed khafiifinta.

Waraabinta:

Baahida ugu weyn ee xilliga ubax ilaa goosashada. Ku samee waraabka faleebo ee polyetylen, oo ah nooca "T-Tape"

Sidoo kale eeg: Dhaqanka Guava

Cabitaanka biyaha inta lagu jiro wareegga waxay ku kala duwan yihiin 4000 iyo 8000 m3. Biyo 3-6 maalmoodba mar.

> >

Entomology and plant pathology

>Cayayaanka:

Cayayaanka, thrips, aphids, altica, slugs iyo snails, nematodes iyo shinbirahacaleemaha iyo qaar ka mid ah fayrasyada.

Shilalka / cilladaha:

Birta iyo boron la'aanta; u nugul salinity

Gooso oo isticmaal

Goorta la goosanayo:

Gacan ahaan, isla marka midhaha midabkoodu casaan yahay, ugu yaraan 3/4 ee dusha sare .

Miraha waa in lagu guraa calyx iyo qayb yar oo ka mid ah cambarka. Dalagyadu waa inay noqdaan maalin kasta ama labadii maalmoodba mar.

Waxsoosaarka:

60-70 t/ha / sannadkii

Xaaladaha kaydinta:

aad u halaagsami kara, markaa waxa kaliya oo lagu hayn karaa 5-10 maalmood heerkul ah 0.5-4ºC iyo qoyaan qaraabo ah 85-95% oo leh ogsijiin la kontoroolo iyo carbon dioxide.

Xilliga isticmaalka wanaagsan:

Abriil-June.

Qiimaha Nafaqada:

Qadar badan oo fitamiin C ah, waa il weyn oo fiitamiin B9, Silicon, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron iyo fiber.

Xilliga Isticmaalka:

>Xilli-xagaaga (May-Luulyo)

Waxay isticmaashaa:

>Waxa lagu cuni karaa cusub Chantilly. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa pies, ice cream, yogurt, jams iyo macmacaan kale oo badan.

Daawoyinka:

Dhaqdhaqaaqa antioxidant-ka ee sarreeya (waxaa ku jira anthocyanins), oo loo isticmaalo daaweynta laabotooyinka iyo gout. Waxa ay leedahay maaddo-wareejin, calool-jileec iyo depurative.

Talo-yaqaanno:

Qoyska 4 qof, 40-50 dhir ayaa ku filan. Strawberries waa in la cunaa xilligooda dabiiciga ah.

Haddii aysan ahayn organic, waa inay noqdaansi fiican iskaga dhaq, kuwani waa midhaha hadhaaga sunta cayayaanka ah ee ugu badan (waxay ku jiraan 10ka sare ee ugu wasakhaysan).

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