苤郕郋郅郕郋赲郕郋迣郋 郋迡郇邽迮赲迮郇郇郋迣郋 訄郱赲邽邽 邽郇郇郋赲訄邽邿

 苤郕郋郅郕郋赲郕郋迣郋 郋迡郇邽迮赲迮郇郇郋迣郋 訄郱赲邽邽 邽郇郇郋赲訄邽邿

Charles Cook

俗称: 萨瓦白菜,萨瓦白菜,米兰白菜,卷叶白菜。

学名: 芥菜类 L Var. 萨巴达 bullata。

资料来源: 欧洲(地中海沿岸,可能是意大利北部)。

家庭: 十字花科植物或十字花科植物。

特点: 草本植物,有大的毛茸茸的叶子(薄片表面有皱纹),这些叶子靠在一起,形成一个单一的顶生白菜。 植物在无性期可以达到约40-60厘米的高度。 直立和浅的根系统。

授粉/受精: 黄色的、雌雄同体的、可自我繁殖的花朵大多由蜜蜂授粉,产生的果实有种子生产。

历史事实/奇闻异事: 它的产地非常多样,在丹麦、希腊等地都能找到野生的形式,但总是在沿海地区。 卷心菜从史前时代就开始被食用。 埃及人在公元前2500年就已经知道它,后来希腊人也开始种植。 在古代,它是药用的,用来缓解消化和消除醉意。 主要的生产商是中国和印度。

生物循环: 两年生植物(5-8个月),但可能持续两年,然后抽穗。 最多种植的品种:'Preko'、'Roxy'、'Rona'、'Cabeça de Negro'、'Langendijk de Inverno'、'Gouden Oogst'、'Sanibel'、'2Marcelino'、'De Pascua'、'Siete semanas de Verano'。

可食用部分: 叶子。

环境条件

土壤: 它适应各种类型的土壤,但更喜欢中到粘土、疏松、排水良好、凉爽的深层土壤,富含腐殖质且排水良好。 pH值应在6.5-7.5。

气候区: 地中海和温带。

最适宜的温度: 12-18oC

最低临界温度: -10oC

最高临界温度: 35oC

植被为零: 6oC

阳光照射: 它喜欢充足的阳光,在12小时以上的长日里开花。

相对湿度: 高。

受精

受精: 施用充分分解的羊和牛的粪便。 作为一个坚韧的品种,它可以很好地利用来自世界各地的粪便。

在过去,石灰粉被用作发育和生长的巨大刺激物。 在酸性土壤中,应在堆肥、石蒜(海藻)和灰烬中添加钙。

See_also: 酸橙树:具有独特香气的树木

绿肥: 黑麦草、苜蓿、白三叶、Medicago lupulina和大田豆。

营养需求: 2:1:3或3:1:3(氮:磷:钾)和钙,被认为是要求很高。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 双头弧形喷嘴割草机可用于深耕,打碎土块和破坏杂草。 在地面上,可以做出1-2米宽的田埂。

种植/播种的日期: 几乎全年都可以,不过我建议9-12月。

种植/播种的类型: 在紫花苜蓿播种盘中。

发芽: 5-10天,温度在20-30℃之间。

发育期(年): 4年。

See_also: 本月蔬菜:卷心菜

深度: 0.5-2厘米

指南针: 行间50-80×行内植物间30-50厘米。

移植: 播种后6-7周,或当它们10-20厘米高,有3-5片叶子时(11月之前或期间)。

协会: 胡萝卜、生菜、洋葱、土豆、菠菜、百里香、芥菜、薄荷、欧芹、茴香、芹菜、番茄、薰衣草、豆类、豌豆、黄瓜、甜菜、缬草和芦笋。

轮换: 茄科植物(番茄、茄子等)和葫芦科植物(南瓜、黄瓜、小胡瓜等)是这种作物的良好先例。 一旦移除,至少在5-6年内不应回到土地上。 对于粪便尚未完全分解的土地,这是一种良好的作物,可以启动轮作计划(它是一种耗损性作物)。

悲哀: 覆盖、束缚,当卷心菜的高度超过1米时,要用支架固定,覆盖或填塞。

浇水: 通过洒水或滴水,间隔10-15天。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 卷心菜叶毛虫、蚜虫、潜叶虫、蛞蝓和蜗牛、线虫、阁楼和卷心菜蝇、结缕草、小菜蛾。

疾病: 霜霉病、白粉病、交变病、腐烂病、白锈病、疮痂病和病毒病。

事故: 对酸度的耐受性差,过早发芽,边缘坏死,缺硼和缺钼,热风和干风。

收获和使用

何时收获: 当卷心菜紧凑而结实时,在底部切开茎部,去除外面的叶子(3-5月),播种后100到200天。

生产: 30-50吨/公顷/年。 储存条件:0-1℃,90-98%的相对湿度,5-6个月,控制二氧化碳和氧气。

营养价值: 这种卷心菜含有较丰富的类胡萝卜素和叶绿素,并含有丰富的前维生素A、维生素C、B1、B2、钙、铁、镁、硫、铜、溴、硅、碘和钾。 它还含有含硫氨基酸。

用途: 在葡萄牙,它经常被用来搭配菜肴,如用卷心菜包裹的新鲜香肠、炖豆子和准备汤。 在德国,它被制成choucroute,这是用酸保存过的卷心菜制成的。

药用: 它可以防止某些类型癌症的发生,因为它含有葡萄糖苷酸,决定了癌症的香气和预防癌症的发生。 它具有抗贫血、利尿、活力、再矿化和驱虫的作用。

专家建议: 我建议在秋冬季节种植这种作物,利用不太高的温度、较高和较有利的降雨量和相对湿度。 一定要选择适合在这些季节种植的品种。 为了摆脱蜗牛瘟疫(每年这个时候最常见),使用含有活性物质的诱饵,铁或用啤酒制作陷阱。

照片: Pixabay

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.