枸杞子的种植

 枸杞子的种植

Charles Cook

枸杞以其抗衰老特性而闻名,被认为是最丰富的抗氧化和抗癌特性的水果之一。 了解所有关于这些浆果的种植方法。

俗称: 枸杞(浆果)、红钻石、结婚用酒。

学名: Lycium barbarum L chinense .

资料来源: 西藏、日本和东亚的山地。

家庭: 茄科植物

特点: 多年生小灌木,高约1-4米,有许多侧枝。 根系很深,可以在更远的地方取水。 叶子很小,落叶。 在红色浆果内,有10-60颗黄色小种子。

开花/受精: 花朵很小,呈紫色,在7-9月出现。

历史事实/奇闻异事: 枸杞在南亚栽培了6000年,关于枸杞的最早著作可以追溯到中国唐朝(公元618-907年),在中国和马来西亚广泛种植。 根据传说,喜马拉雅人据说可以活到120-150岁,著名的李清源(中医)每天吃枸杞,活到252岁。 枸杞的主要生产国是中国,在宁夏省(中国)是世界上最大的果子生产地,占全国总量的45%。 在葡萄牙,阿连特茹和阿尔加维已经有生产商。

生物周期: 多年生植物,在第4-5年充分生产,但寿命为30-35年。

最广泛种植的品种: 在过去的十年中,已经选取了一些新的栽培品种,如绯红之星、凤凰之泪、萨斯克枸杞、甜李子和大李子。

使用的部分: 鲜果或干果,长1-2厘米,鲜叶长7厘米。

环境条件

土壤: 浅色,壤质或沙质,排水良好,略带钙质和肥沃。 pH值6.5-7.5。

气候区: 温带,温带-冷带。 最适宜的温度:18-24 ºC

最低临界温度: -最高临界温度:38-40 ºC,零植被:-40 ºC。要想有高质量的果实,应该有300小时的温度在0-7 ºC之间,冬季不超过15 ºC。

阳光照射: 全日照。

海拔高度: 200-2200米。

相对湿度: 平均值。

降水: 它应该是有规律的。

受精

受精: 用富含火鸡、马、鸡、鸭和猪粪的堆肥。 可以用充分稀释的牛粪浆浇灌。

绿肥: 黑麦草、油菜、芥菜和蚕豆。

营养需求: 1:2:1或1:1:1(N:P:K)。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 清理土壤中的石块和作物残留物。 浅耕土壤(15厘米),并进行结疤,使其充分粉碎和平整。 在第一年,应放置一米宽的塑料纤维网,以防止杂草。

种植/播种的日期: 春天。

种植/播种的类型: 树桩(30-40厘米),地下嫩枝或种子(较少使用)。

发芽的力量: 两年了。

深度: 1厘米。

发芽: 7-14天。

指南针: 行间2-2.5 x 1.8-2.0米排成一行。

移植: 在一年级结束时。

协会: 生菜、洋葱、罗勒、金盏花、琉璃苣、薄荷、欧芹和大蒜。

悲哀: 在植物的基部覆盖一层地膜。 用锄头除草,冬季修剪(留下一半的枝条),夏季添加堆肥并浇足水。

浇水: 局部或逐一滴下,1.5-2升/每株/周,应在早上施用。

收获和使用

何时收获: 种植后一年开始生产,在夏季和秋季收获。

生产: 7000-8000公斤/公顷的浆果/年(4-5年的植株)。 在葡萄牙,每株植物可以结出0,5-2公斤的果实。

See_also: 2019年1月的农历

储存条件: 大多数水果在阳光下或通过机械加工在烤箱中高温下干燥48小时。

营养价值: 叶子富含矿物质(镁、铁、钙、钾、锌和硒)和维生素(C、B、B2、B6、E)。 果实富含18种氨基酸、多糖和类胡萝卜素(转化为维生素A)。 由于这些原因,它被视为一种超级食品。

用途: 在亚洲,叶子因其柔软的质地和略带苦味而被用于煲汤或简单地煮着吃(类似于菠菜)。 果实可以新鲜食用或像苏丹果一样脱水。 它们还可以用于果汁、馅饼、汤和炖菜。

See_also: 花椰菜沙拉配水果和蔬菜

药用: 强大的抗氧化剂,调节血压,抗衰老,保护肝脏和肾脏,防止眼睛疾病,减少疲劳,具有抗癌作用。 一些营养学家建议每天吃15-25克枸杞。

技术建议: 在菜园里,你需要15株植物来养活一个人一年。 修剪时,你应该留下一个主枝,侧枝从那里出来,并修剪所有40厘米以下的枝条。 不要忘记,要想成功,你需要有一个低温的冬天(低于7℃),否则产量会受到影响。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 马铃薯甲虫、蓟马、蚜虫、螨虫和鸟。

疾病: 白粉病、霜霉病和炭疽病。

事故: 对盐碱地很敏感。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.