小胡瓜或西葫芦

 小胡瓜或西葫芦

Charles Cook

南瓜自玛雅时代开始食用,是第一个被引入欧洲的南瓜。 它易于种植,富含维生素A、B1、B2、C,以及钙和镁。

俗称:

小南瓜,西葫芦,夏瓜。

学名:

葫芦丝 (var. 凝结 贝利或变种。 瓜拉尼普 Alef.)。

资料来源:

中美洲(墨西哥和美国东部)。

家庭:

葫芦科植物。

特点:

灌木状或匍匐植物,可长达1-8米,有大的心形、粗糙、绿色的叶子。

果实呈长方形或椭圆形,颜色从绿色和浅绿色到白色和黄色不等。 根部位于前30厘米的土壤中,但主根可以达到1米深。

历史事实:

它是一万年前玛雅人的主食,也是第一个被引入欧洲的卷心菜。 它在美国和墨西哥开始被驯化和改良。 中国、印度和乌克兰是主要生产国。

授粉/受精:

花是单性的(雌雄同体),颜色为黄色,日光一出现就开放,中午关闭。 花是分开的,需要蜜蜂交叉授粉才能开花结果。 雌花在高温和强光下出现较多。

生物循环:

每年90-120天之间。

可食用部分:

果实(200-250克),花和种子。

最广泛种植的品种:

它们大多是绿色的,或多或少是圆柱形的,但也有黄色、白色和球状的:"大使"、"外交官"、"克洛诺斯"、"奶油花"、"布里尔汉特"、"普雷塔"、"迪亚曼特"、"参议员"、"帕滕农F1"、"卫士F1"、"爱国者F1"、"黑森林"、"NegrodeMilano"、"TempraF1"(深绿色)、"可可泽尔"(深绿色条纹)、"绿湾"、"黑美人"、"伊帕内马"、"绿Bush"(绿色)、"Genovese"、"Albarello di sarzana"(浅绿色)"Caserta"(灰绿色)、"Costata Romanesca"、"Goldzini"、"Gold Bush"(黄色)、"Redondo de Niza"(圆绿色)、"法国白"(白色)。

环境条件

土壤: 它适应多种类型的土壤,但更喜欢那些质地为壤土、壤土-沙土或沙土、土层深厚且排水良好、富含有机物(2-4%)的土壤。 最佳pH值应为5.6-6.8。

气候区: 亚热带和暖温带。

温度:

很好: 20-25 °C.

闵行区: 10 °C.

最大: 40 °C.

See_also: 香草,是兰花的果实

发展的止境: 8 °C.

阳光照射: 大量的光线。

相对湿度: 最好是65-80%。

降水: 2000-2500立方米/公顷。

受精

受精: 牛、羊和产蛋鸟的粪便和充分分解的鸟粪。 甜菜糖浆、浓缩的醋和蛭石或蔬菜堆肥。

绿肥: 阔叶草和黑麦草。

营养物质提取(公斤/公顷) 83-16-114(产量为19吨/公顷)或95-23-114(24.7吨/公顷)(N:P2O5:K2O)+CaO和MgO。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 犁地至40厘米深,然后平整并形成田埂。 应使用黑色防草网、 地膜覆盖 在播种前,用稻草或波纹状的树叶。

种植/播种的日期: 四月至七月。

种植/播种的类型: 通过种子,在小花盆或种子盘中,供以后移植或直接使用(每孔2粒种子)。

发育期(年): 4-5.

发芽的时间: 5-10天。

深度: 2-4厘米。

指南针: 行间0.8-1.2米,或同一行的植物间0.6-1米。

移植: 20-25天后或当它们长到7-12厘米,有4-6片叶子时。

协会: 豆类、玉米、卷心菜、万寿菊、罗勒、洋葱和生菜。

轮换: 两年或三年。

悲哀: 除草、锄地、剪掉枯叶和未完全成熟的果实。

浇水: 根据天气情况,逐一滴水,每周两次(盛产期)。 应始终在早上进行,以便植物和叶片在夜间不受潮。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 蚜虫、螨虫、粉虱、蓟马、结缕草、毛虫和线虫。

疾病: 西葫芦花叶病毒,白粉病,霜霉病和灰腐病,苗期萎缩。

See_also: Heléboro:一种耐寒的花

事故: 对霜冻、微气候变化、水涝和氧化镁的缺乏非常敏感。

收获和使用

何时收获: 在确定的地点种植后30至60天之间,当果实长15-20厘米,直径4-5厘米或200-250克/果重时,应始终留下1-2厘米的柄。

生产: 每株植物可产15-30个果实,可产3-9公斤或30-60吨/公顷(春夏露天)。

储存条件: 在2-5℃和85-95%R.H.条件下1-3个月,或5-10℃下1-2周。

营养成分: 它含有蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物以及维生素A、B1、B2、C和钙、磷、钾和镁。 它的种子中含有植物甾醇,是抗炎和驱虫作用的原因。

用途: 果实可以煲汤、炖煮、烧烤、油炸,花也可以炒着吃。 种子晒干后是一种很好的开胃酒。 它对前列腺和膀胱疾病也有药用效果。

专家建议

周期短的作物,只适合春末到仲夏。 对于一个家庭来说,四株就足够了。 白粉病和霜霉病是经常出现的疾病,有必要用有机农业中允许的物质进行治疗。

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Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.