Beeritaanka geedaha carob waxay ka yimaadeen Mesobotaamiya hore (Ciraaq) waxayna ahaayeen Fenisiyaiyiintii soo bandhigay dalaggan Jasiiradda Iberian. , Fava-rica, Geedka berdaha ee Pythagorean, Dabka Masar.

Magaca sayniska: Ceratonia síliqua L.

Asal ahaan: Aasiyada Yar ee meelaha u dhow badda Mediterranean (Turkiga, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Syria) ama Giriiga, Falastiin, Lubnaan iyo Aljeeriya.

Qoyska: Legumes Dhaqanka waxa faafiyey Giriiggii (qarnigii BC), Carthaginians (IV iyo III BC) iyo Roomaanka (I BC), Byzantines (VI AD) iyo Carabta (VII-XI AD). Abuurka waxaa loo isticmaali jiray diyaarinta mummies ee Masar hore, pods laga helay xabaalaha. Waxay si fiican ula qabsatay cimilada Mediterranean-ka ee Portugal iyo Spain. Abuurka waxaa loo isticmaali jiray halbeeg lagu miisaamo dahabka (dheemanka, dahabka iyo dhagxaanta qaaliga ah), waxaa lagu magacaabi jiray "carats" (Kuara), magaca Afrikaanka ah ee la siiyo miraha. Shan iniinood ayaa miisaankoodu ahaa garaam dahab ah. Waxay ahayd cunto dadka ugu saboolsan badda Mediterranean-ka. Portugal waa mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu muhiimsan ee soo saara carob, hadda waxay ku jiraan 5th (2016, sida laga soo xigtay xogta FAO), ka dambeeya Spain, Italy, Qubrus iyo Greece.

Description : Evergreen geed (cusbooneysii 15-18 bilood kasta), maqaar oval ahiyo koob ballaaran. Waxay leedahay koritaan gaabis ah oo gaari kara 10-20 mitir oo dherer ah. Qoryaha waa mid aad u adkaysta. Nidaamka xididku waa mid ballaaran (20 mitir) oo galaya, oo gaaraya lakabyada ugu hooseeya si ay u raadiyaan biyo iyo nafaqo.

Pollination / bacriminta: Waxaa jira geedo leh ubax dhedig; kuwa kale oo leh ubaxyo lab ah; kuwa kale oo leh ubaxyo dheddig iyo lab; iyo kuwo kale oo leh ubaxyo lab ah iyo hermaphrodite oo isku mid ah. Waxaa jira 40-60 ubaxyada dheddigga iyo 10-12 kuwa lab ah. Ubaxku waxay u muuqdaan xagaaga iyo horraanta dayrta ( ubaxyada buuxa ee Sebtembar-Oktoobar), iyada oo ku xidhan noocyada kala duwan, on laamaha 2-sano jir ah oo qarsoodi ah nectar badan. Pollination waa entomophilous, laakiin dabayshu way ku caawin kartaa.

wareegga noolaha: Waxay bilaabataa oo keliya inay soo saarto sanadka tobnaad waxayna leedahay wax soo saar buuxa 15-40 sano, waxayna noolaan kartaa 100 sano.

Noocyada ugu badan ee la beero: "Negral", "Rojal", "Banya de Cabra", "Bugadera"  "Matalafera", "Melera" , "Duraió" , "Delamel" , "Ramillete" , Bonifácio" . Portugal, noocyada ugu caansan waa "Galhosa", "Canela", "Feraha Lo'da", "Carob ka dameerka", "Mulata", "Bonita", "Bouoje", "Altea", "Melar" iyo "Magosta". ”. Noocyada labku waxay noqon karaan "rag huruud ah" iyo "rag cas"

Qaybta la cuni karo: Miraha dhererkoodu yahay 10-30 cm, ballac 2-4 cm, culeyskiisuna waa 25-40 g. Maariin madow, oo la mid ahshukulaatada madow, waxay leedahay maqaar maqaar ah oo ku wareegsan saxarka midabka malab-jidhka leh iyo sonkorta leh, kaas oo ku wareegsan abuurka (4-8).

Xaaladaha deegaanka

> Nooca cimilada: Mediterranean-ka dhexdhexaad ah. Portugal, waxay si fiican ula qabsataa gobollada Lisbon iyo koonfurta.

Carrada: Waxay la qabsataa noocyada kala duwan ee carrada xitaa haddii ay ku liitaan nafaqooyinka iyo gacmeedka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay doorbidaysaa ciidda leh carrada loam -sandy. ama dhagax nuurad ah oo dhoobo ah, oo si fiican loo miiray oo engegan. Wuxuu jecel yahay ciidda leh pH inta u dhaxaysa 6-8.

> Heerkulka:

Ugu Fiican: 20-25 ºC.

Daq: 10 ºC.

>Max ºC.

Joojinta horumarka: 5ºC. Waxay u baahan tahay 6000 saacadood oo kulayl ah

Sidoo kale eeg: Giverny, rinjiyeynta nool ee Claude Monet

Cadceed soo-bandhigidda: Qorrax buuxda (aad u adkaysta)

Dharka: Ka hooseeya 600 mitir.

Roobab sannadlaha ah (biyo ayaa loo baahan yahay): 200 - 400 mm. digaaga iyo idaha/ridaha.

Consociations: Legumes (favarola, alfalfa) iyo dayrta-jiilaalka badarka (ryegrass).

Sidoo kale eeg: Beer daaqadda ku taal

Shuruudaha nafaqeynta: 3:1:2 ama 3:1: 2

Farsamooyinka beerista

Carrada diyaarinta: Uma baahna daryeel gaar ah, laakiin si aad wax badan u soo saartid, waa inaad samaysaa dooxo (40 cm) iyo bacriminta hoose.

Ku dhufashada: By. micrografting, grafting ( gaashaan ama saxan) ama abuur (ku qooya biyo 24 saacadood) - kan dambe ayaa ka badanloo isticmaalo rootstocks. Ka dib markaad gaadho dhererka 50 cm, ku-tallaalid adigoo isticmaalaya tufka dhulka.

Taariikhda beeritaanka: Guga dayrta) Laamo dhintay, xoog badan, toosan oo koraya oo dhulka taabtay; tallaalidda bilaha Abriil-May, marka geedku uu jiro 4-7 sano.

Watering: Wax yar, kaliya bilawga beeritaanka iyo muddo dheer oo roob la'aan ah.

Entomology iyo dhirta pathology

Cayayaanka: Pirale (Myelois ceratoniae) iyo Cecidomia (Eumorchalia gennadi), borers (Zeuzera pyrina), aboor digir ah (Ectomyeolis ceratoniae) iyo mealybugs.

- Sebtembar), marka miraha ay noqdaan madow madow oo ay bilaabaan inay si dabiici ah u dhacaan (10-12 bilood ka dib ubax). geedo ka weyn 40 sano.

Xaaladaha kaydinta: Goynta ka dib, karootada ku rid qorraxda muddo toddobaad ah, haddii aadan si toos ah u aadin warshadda, ku dhaaf meel engegan oo hawo leh.

0>Waqtiga ugu fiican ee la isticmaalo: Fresh, dhamaadka xagaaga

Qiimaha nafaqada: Qani ku ah sonkorta dabiiciga ah, fiber, borotiinada, macdanta (birta, potassium, sodium), tannins.Fiitamiinada A, D, B1, B2 iyo B3.

Waxay isticmaashaa: Waxa loo isticmaali jiray miro ahaan (macmacaan), laakiin Carabtu waxay bilaabeen inay u adeegsadaan qaabka khamriga, baasto iyo macmacaanka. Dhawaan, burkeeda waxaa loo isticmaalaa Portugal ee pies, keega dhaqameed iyo soo saarista rootiga. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu beddelo kookaha. Warshadaha, waxa loo isticmaalaa sidii dhumuc ahaan (E-410) samaynta jalaatada, sorbets, suugada, caanaha kala duwan, daawooyinka iyo waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali jiray quudinta lo'da, si hilibku u yeesho dhadhan macaan, iyo lo'da caanaha, si loo kordhiyo dheecaanka caanaha. Qoryaha waxaa loo isticmaali karaa isku-dhafka.