Tufaaxa pippin waa dalag aad u soo saara, kana adkays badan tufaaxa kale. Waa aysiidh yar oo inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa pies, keega iyo macaanka.

Presentation

Magacyada caanka ah: Geed tufaax, reineta-de-colares, reineta-do-canada, reineta-parda.

Magaca sayniska: Malus domestica Borkh. (M. pumila Mill/ Pyrus malus L).

Asal ahaan: Kala duwanaanshuhu waa asal Faransiis; magacu wuxuu ka yimid reinette Faransiis ah (Queen yar)

Qoyska: Rosaceae.

Xaqiiqooyinka taariikhiga ah: Asalka tufaaxa wuxuu ahaa Aasiyada Dhexe iyo Caucasus; Daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujiyeen in geedka tufaaxa duurjoogta ah (Malus sylvestris) uu ka yimid buuraha Kazakhstan, laakiin noocyada reineta waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan Faransiiska. Fontanelas (Sintra), waxaa ku yaal Reineta de Fontanelas Apple Festival (oo la mid ah Canadian reineta), hindise ujeedadiisu tahay in la shaaciyo oo kor loo qaado midhahan, kaas oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo u gaar ah gobolkaas. Waxaa jira tixraacyo laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 17aad, markii Duarte Nunes de Leão uu ka hadlayo tufaaxa aagga Colares. Waxaynu ognahay in geedka tufaaxa uu wakhtigan yahay geedka midhaha ugu badan ee aduunka laga beero. Soosaarayaasha tufaaxa ugu weyn adduunka waa Shiinaha (Dhoofinta juuska xoogga leh) iyo Mareykanka; Portugal, Gobolka Ribatejo-Oeste ayaa ah soo saaraha ugu weyn

Sharaxaad: Waa geed yar yar oo go'an, xoog badan.(ugu badnaan 10-12 mitir), oo leh caleemo oval ah oo fudud, oo leh dabool qaabaysan oo oval ah, laamo furan, oo u janjeera dhinaca toosan iyo nidaamka xididka galka oo ka hooseeya pears. Miraha waxa ay leeyihiin qaab wareegsan oo fidsan, maqaar qallafsan, midab huruud ah, midab khafiif ah, oo inta badan lagu daboolay miisaan.

) si loo dhaqan geliyo isu-tallaabta-pollination-ka taasoo ay samayso shinni. Haddii aysan jirin shinni duurjoogta ah, waxay noqon doontaa lagama maarmaan in la soo bandhigo finan (4/ha)

Pollinators lagu taliyay: "Delicious Rouge", "Golden Delicious", "Jonagold", "Granny Smith", Gala" , "Golden Gem", "Hillieri", "Idared", "Queen of Reinetas", "Caux", "Cravert" "La Nationale"

wareegga noolaha: Geedka tufaaxa wuxuu leeyahay cimri dhererkiisu yahay 50 -55 sano, oo leh wax soo saar buuxa oo u dhexeeya 8-40 sano. Horumarinta burooyinkeeda waxay dhacdaa laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Luulyo, iyo marxaladda miraha waxay socotaa July ilaa caleemaha ay dhacaan Oktoobar, oo ay ku xigto nasasho ilaa Abriil ee sanadka soo socda. Noocyada ugu badan ee la beero: Kooxda Reineta: "Blanquina", "Perico", "Coloradona", "Raxao", "Solarina", "Reineta Parda" (alcobaça), Reineta de Fontanelas (Fontanelas ama Colares-Sintra) "Reineta Parda do Canada ("Grand Faye"), White Reineta do Canada", "Grand Reineta do GrandeFaye", "Franche", "Bretagne", "Clochard", "Du Mans, "Caux", "Luneville", "Reguengo Grande", "Rainha das Reinetas", "Esperiega", "Bumann"

0>Xilliga la isticmaalo: Ogosto-Oktoobar

Qaybta la cuni karo: Khudradu waxay leedahay saxarka cad-jaallaha ah, ku adag casiir iyo dhadhan macaan leh oo aysiidh yar iyo cadar leh, oo u janjeera inay burburto, miisaankeeduna waa 200- 300 g Inta badan beeralayda waxay u baahan yihiin 500-1000 saacadood ka hooseeya 7.2 °C)

Carrada: Waxay door bidaa carrada textured bilaashka ah, dhoobo, dhoobo, qoto dheer, qani ah, cusub oo si fiican loo miiray, oo leh pH yar oo acidic ah 6-7 .

> Heerkulka:  Ugu Fiican: 15-20 °C Min.: 2 °C Ugu badnaan: 35 °C.

Heerkulka inta lagu jiro ubax: 12-20 °C.

Joogsiga horumarka: -29 °C. Dalbashada cimilada qabow (1000 HF)

Soo-gaadhista qorraxda: buuxa.

Dharka: 600-1000 mitir.

Qaddarka biyaha: 300-900 litir/geed/geed ( xaddi badan oo biyo ah), iyadoo ku xidhan nooca ciidda iyo cimilada.

Bacriminta

> . Waxa kale oo aanu ku bacrimin karnaa caleen badeed cusub, saytuun iyo pomace canab, iyo cunto dhiig ah. Digada cagaaran: cawska sanadlaha ah, abuur kufsi, phacelia, favarola, lupine, clover cad iyo lucerne ka hor intaan la beerin ama safafka mirahala geliyey.

Shuruudaha nafaqada: Nooca 4-1-6 ama 2:1:2 (N-P-K). Unugyada yaryar ee aadka loogu baahan yahay waa kalsiyum, birta, boron, manganese iyo magnesium.

Farsamooyinka beerista

Diyaarinta carrada: ku xaaq ciidda dhulka hoostiisa (ilaa 50 cm) ama basbaas (ilaa 30 cm) ), iyadoo ku xiran nooca ciidda. Haddii dhulku leeyahay dhir badan, waxaa la isticmaali karaa harrow ama dubbe jabiye. Dhammaadka hawlgallada, qallajiye ayaa la isticmaali karaa.

Ku dhufashada: Ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan noocyada ayaa lagu tallaalaa rootstock (waxaa jira noocyo badan), tallaalka wuxuu noqonayaa gaashaan (July-September), kala qaybsanaan (March- Abriil) iyo taajka ayaa ah kuwa ugu isticmaalka badan.

Taariikhda beeritaanka: Geedaha yaryar waa in la beeraa Noofambar-February.

Compass: 4-5 mitir oo isku xigta iyo 6-7 mitir inta u dhaxaysa safafka (waxay kuxirantahay nooca maaraynta)

Sidoo kale eeg: Curcuma: Saffron-ka mucjisada ah ee Hindiya

Kooban: Macallin geedka saddexda sano ee ugu horreysa. Manjooyin miraha (laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Maarso). U dhaqan qaab bilaash ah (oo leh xaglo xiran). Mulching leh caleemo, caws, compost iyo jaridda cawska ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa safafka dalagga. Weed leh masaafo 10-15 cm u dhaxaysa midhaha.

Waraabinta: waraabinta waa in la sameeyaa (2-3 bishii) bilaha Juulaay iyo Agoosto, iyada oo la isticmaalayo 500-800 l/m2/sannadkii. Nidaamka waraabka waa inuu hoos u dhacaa ( waraabka maxaliga ah).

Sidoo kale eeg: Waa waqtigii aad daryeeli lahayd ubaxyadaada

Entomology and plant pathology

Cayayaanka: Aphids,Cochineal Saint Joseph ( Quadraspidiotus perniciosus), Gooryaanka (Cydia pomonella), caarada (Panonychus ulmi), zeuzera iyo psila, Duqsiga Mediterranean. caarada budada ah, fayrasyada (AMV iyo ARV, AFLV) iyo bakteeriyada (dabka bakteeriyada)

Isbeddellada jidhka: qolof iyo god qadhaadh

Goorashada iyo isticmaalka

Marka la goosto: Guud ahaan waxaa la goostay iyadoo la tirinayo maalmaha ubaxa ka dib, taas oo, marka la eego pippin, waa 130-140. Adayga miraha (waxaa lagu qiimeeyay penetrometer). Waqtiga goosashada wuxuu socon karaa Agoosto ilaa Oktoobar.

Wax soo saarka: Celcelis ahaan 30-40 tan/ha ( nidaam bayooloji), xasaasi u ah beddelka iyo 5% Co2 iyo 3% O2. Nolosha shelf waa 210 maalmood.

Nafaqada: qani ku ah calcium, iron, potassium, fosfoor, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, fiber iyo vitamins C, B1, B2 iyo E.

Waxay isticmaashaa: sida caadiga ah waxaa loo cunaa sida miro, laakiin macmacaan kala duwan (tufaax la dubay ama pies), marmalade, saladh ayaa sidoo kale la samayn karaa. Weli waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo cider. Qoryaha ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa noocyo kala duwan oo qalab iyo qalab ah

Qiimaha caafimaadka: Ka-hortagga kansarka, wuxuu caawiyaa shaqada xiidmaha, dib u dhigista gabowga wuxuuna yareeyaa kolestaroolka.