落花生的种植

 落花生的种植

Charles Cook

俗称: 落花生、花生、落花生、曼多比、曼多比、莱内和开心果达特拉。

学名: 高山红豆

资料来源: 南美洲(巴西、巴拉圭、玻利维亚和阿根廷)。

家庭: 豆科植物 (脉冲)。

特点: 这种草本植物有一个小茎,一个直立的根,它能产生几个次要的侧根,能长到30-50厘米高。 荚果在根部的地下生长。 果实是长方形的,尖的,淡黄色,中间绞合,形状像葫芦。

历史事实: 最近,研究人员在巴拉那和巴拉圭河地区发现了大约有3500年历史的陶瓷花瓶。 花瓶的形状像花生壳,并有种子的装饰。 花生在18世纪才被引入欧洲--它是由葡萄牙和西班牙殖民者传播到世界其他地区的。 中国(41.5%)、印度(18.2%)和美国(6.8%)。中国是花生的主要生产国,是葡萄牙商人于17世纪在中国引进了这种作物。

生物循环: 年度(90-150天)。

孕育: 花是淡黄色的小花,一旦受精,子房弯曲并向地面倾斜,在那里潜入并完成其发育,坚果在地下发育到8-10厘米深。

最广泛种植的品种: "瓦伦西亚"(3-4个种子),"Runer "或 "西班牙"(2-3个种子),"Dixie西班牙","GFA西班牙","阿根廷","Spantex","Natal common","Starr","Comet","Valencia","Georgia Brown"。

使用的部分 荚果:种子(荚果),可以有2-10厘米长。 每个荚果可以有2-5个卵圆形的种子,有小榛子那么大,油性,有令人愉快的味道。

环境条件

土壤: 肥沃的沙质或沙壤质地,排水良好。 喜欢沙质和排水良好的土壤。pH值应在6.0-6.2之间。

气候区: 热带和亚热带。

温度: 最佳:25-35ºC 最小:10ºC 最大:36ºC 发展停止:8ºC。

阳光照射: 全日照。

相对湿度: 大,低或中。

降水: 300-2000毫米/年或1500-2000立方米/公顷。

受精

受精: 它非常喜欢石灰,应在播种前加入石灰。 它不喜欢含有大量腐殖质的土壤,因为这会导致茎部生长,对果实不利。

绿肥: 这不是必须的,但草可以减少对土壤改良的需求。

营养需求: 1:2:2或0:2:2(磷氮:钾)+钙。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 在播种前两天,用圆盘耙耙到30厘米深的地方,并平整土地。

种植/播种的日期: 春季/夏季(5-6月)。

种植/播种的类型: 挖出10厘米深的沟槽,放置种子,然后覆盖5厘米的土壤。

发育期(年): 2-4年。

深度: 5-10厘米。

指南针: 40-60厘米×10-30厘米。

移植: 它没有完成。

协会: 有玉米、高粱、苏丹草。

轮换: 用玉米。

悲哀: 堆;sachas。

浇水: 当植株长到15-20厘米高时,然后每隔12天,再浇3-5次水就够了。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 蛲虫、线虫、褐虫、蓟马、各种毛虫和红蜘蛛蛾、蛾子、线虫和象鼻虫(仓库)。

疾病: 褐斑和黑斑(真菌)。

See_also: 你熟悉潘多,我们星球上最大的生物体吗?

事故: 他们并不频繁。

收获和使用

何时收获: 收获后,花生应在阳光下晾晒两天(9-10月)。

生产: 800-3000公斤/公顷。

储存条件: 谨防黄曲霉毒素污染(由真菌引起)。

营养价值: 富含蛋白质(氨基酸)、锌、多不饱和脂肪酸和维生素E及叶酸。

消费的季节: 夏季结束,秋季开始。

用途: 各种烹饪菜肴、甜点(蛋糕、馅饼、巧克力)、盐渍或甜味花生作为零食、提取油用于油炸(可承受较高温度的油)和制备花生酱。 花生壳可用于制造塑料、石膏、磨料和燃料。 该植物可作为农场动物的食物。

药用: 有助于对抗坏胆固醇(LDL)和甘油三酯。

See_also: 悬挂的植物

专家建议

落花生是一种适合白垩土和夏季种植的作物--它们只在开花期和播种初期需要水。 作为一种豆科植物(提高氮含量的作物),它可以与其他作物轮作。 许多落花生受到真菌 "A. Flavus "的污染,产生致癌物质 "黄曲霉毒素"--要小心使用。感染。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.