小豆蔻的种植

 小豆蔻的种植

Charles Cook

俗称: Cardamomo-verdade, C. verde, C. minor, C.Malabar, C bravo de Ceylon, Cardamungu.

学名: 小豆蔻(Elettaria cardamomum var minor) 还有两个不那么好卖的豆蔻品种,它们属于 Aframomum sp. e Amomum .

资料来源: 印度(盖茨的西部)、斯里兰卡、马来西亚和苏门答腊岛。

家庭: Zingiberaceae(单子叶植物)。

特点: 姜科植物,叶子很大(40-60厘米长),可以有1-4米高,开白色的花,有绿色或白色的坚果,里面有深色、辛辣和芳香的种子。

历史事实: 公元前1000年,印度人用小豆蔻来治疗各种疾病。 但人们知道,小豆蔻最早于公元700年在印度南部使用,然后于1200年传入欧洲。 在葡萄牙,是巴尔博萨在1524年看到并描述了印度海岸的这种作物。 它是一种在韩国、越南和泰国广泛食用的香料。

它被认为是继藏红花和香草之后的第三种最昂贵的香料。 印度人进行小豆蔻贸易已有1000多年的历史,它被认为是香料中的女王,国王是黑胡椒。 葡萄牙人在发现通往印度的海路后,鼓励小豆蔻贸易在欧洲的发展。 这种植物的主要生产国是印度,其次是危地马拉和斯里兰卡。

生物循环: 多年生植物,它在第三年开始生产,并持续生产40年。

孕育: 花是自我不育的,所以必须进行交叉受精,这是亲昆虫的,主要由蜜蜂进行。 花的开放需要几天时间。

最广泛种植的品种: "major Thw"、"minor"、"Malabar"、"Mysore "和 "Vazhukka"。

使用的部分: 果实有15至20个粗糙的棕绿色种子,然后可以晒干使用。

生长条件

土壤: 排水良好,湿润,富含有机物。 pH值在5.5和6.5之间。

气候区: 潮湿的森林。

温度: 最佳:20-25°C 最小:10°C 最大:40°C 开发停止:5°C

阳光照射: 半遮挡。

相对湿度: 高。

降水: 它应该是高300-400厘米/年或1500-2500毫米/年。

海拔高度: 600-1500 m.

受精

受精: 鸡、兔、羊、鸭、鸟粪和堆肥。 也可以施用石磷、楝树和骨粉肥料和蛭石。 通常在种植时施用霉菌素。

绿肥: 白三叶草和羽扇豆。

营养需求: 3:1:1(氮:磷:钾)。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 耕好并加入充分分解的有机物。

种植/播种的日期: 春季中期。

种植/播种的类型: 通过根茎分株,在素土、沙和细碎石的混合物中。 通过种子很少使用。

发育期(年): 如果用种子繁殖,它们在收获后只持续2-3周,20-25天后发芽。

深度: 地面下5厘米。

指南针: 1.5-1.8 x 2.5-3.0米。

移植: 春天。

See_also: 没有任何香水能比得上飞燕草的香气

协会: 茶叶、棕榈树和黑胡椒。

悲哀: 除草和清除一些老根茎,覆土5-10厘米。 浇水:夏季和春末密集浇水。 切勿让土壤干燥。 洒水方法最适合。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 大鼠、蓟马、甲虫( Basilepta fulvicorne )、线虫、粉虱、蚜虫和红蜘蛛螨虫。

疾病: 一些真菌性疾病。

事故: 容易受到强风的影响。

收获和使用

何时收获: 当果实达到适当大小时(开花后90-120天),就会尽快采收和干燥。 一旦种子从浅褐色变成深褐色,就会在较干燥的季节进行采收,持续3-5周。

生产: 50-140公斤/果实/年/公顷。

储存条件: 在经历了较高温度下的干燥过程后,种子可以在适当的包装中保存两年之久。

营养价值: 它有一些蛋白质、水、精油、碳水化合物和纤维。

消费的季节: 一年四季都是如此。

See_also: 用金盏花照亮你的春天的花园

用途: 小豆蔻种子(整粒或磨碎)可以在咖啡中食用,也可以作为各种菜肴的调味品。 它们被用来给面包、肉类(香肠)、糕点、布丁、糖果、水果沙拉、冰激凌、口香糖和甜酒调味。 它们还被用来提取精油,用于香水、化妆品和甜酒。 它们是咖喱粉的成分之一。

在药用方面,这种种子具有抗乙酸、消化、利尿、驱逐、刺激和通便的特性。 它还被认为是一种壮阳药,种子中存在的雄性激素化合物支持了这一点。

专家建议: 这种植物在葡萄牙只有装饰作用,因为气候条件不是生产花朵的最佳条件。 要生产果实,只能在特殊的温室里,在控制光线、温度和湿度的情况下。

和Pedro Rau

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Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.