如何种植马齿苋

 如何种植马齿苋

Charles Cook

数据表(马齿苋L.)。

俗称: Beldroega, bredo-female, verdolaga, baldroega, onze-horas。

姓名 científico: 马齿苋 L (马齿苋的名字来源于portula,意思是 "门",指的是果实的开口)。

家庭: Portulaceae。

特点: 一种草本植物,有肉质的、多汁的、深绿色的叶子,通常是自发的,在春末夏初出现。 茎长20-60厘米,匍匐生长,有分枝,颜色发红。 如果生长在非常荫蔽的地方,它可以直立生长,高度可达15-20厘米。 种子很小,黑色,装在小 "袋子 "里,可以生产5000-40,000粒/株的种子。

历史事实: 栽培了2000多年的马齿苋被希腊人和罗马人作为一种食用植物、药用植物甚至是 "魔法 "来欣赏。 老普林尼(公元一世纪)认为它对发烧很有用。 在美洲,在殖民者时代,它被印第安人和欧洲先驱者欣赏,他们在花园里种植了马齿苋。 1940年,甘地制定了一份30种植物的清单(其中包括马齿苋),以对抗饥饿并促进国家的独立。

生物循环: 2-3个月

开花/受精: 6月至10月,颜色为黄色,直径为6毫米。

See_also: 认识米尔顿兰和米尔顿蝴蝶兰

最广泛种植的品种: 有两个亚种 马齿苋 L . A subsp. 萨特瓦 (栽培品种的叶子最肥厚,颜色为深绿色)。

使用的部分: 叶子(烹饪)和茎和花也可以食用。

环境条件

土壤: 它的要求不高,但喜欢光照充足、凉爽、湿润、排水良好、光线充足、土层深厚、肥沃、富含有机物的土壤。 pH值应在6-7之间。

气候区: 温带温暖(地中海周围地区)、温带、热带和亚热带。

温度: 最佳状态:18-32 ºC。最低温度:7 ºC。最高温度:40 ºC。

发展停滞: 6 ºC。土壤温度(发芽):18-25 ºC。

阳光照射: 全日照或半遮荫。

相对湿度: 它应该是中度或高度。

降水: 500-4000毫米/年。

海拔高度: 0-1700米。

受精

受精: 分解良好的羊粪和牛粪。 过去,石灰粉被用作生长促进剂。

See_also: 本月最佳水果: 黑莓

绿肥: 黑麦草、苜蓿和田间豆类。

营养需求: 1:1:2(氮:磷:钾)。 当这种植物自发生长并看起来不错时,表明土壤中含有丰富的氮。

栽培技术

土壤准备: 犁地或耕地,始终保持土壤轻盈和通气。

种植/播种的日期: 春季(5-6月)。

种植/播种的类型: 通过种子,在一个 "爆炸 "的胶囊内成熟,然后在植物周围传播(通过风和鸟)。 也可以播种在种盘或花盆中。

发芽时间: 8天,土壤在18-20 ºC之间。

发育期(年): 它们可以在土壤中保留10-30年。

深度: 3-4毫米。

指南针: 行间30×80厘米,行内15-30厘米。

移植: 当它有4-6片叶子时就可以移植。

轮换: 移除后,作物至少在5-6年内不应该回到土地上。

协会: 诸如莴苣、百里香、芥菜、薄荷、欧芹、茴香、薰衣草和芦笋等作物。

悲哀: 除草;给土壤去疤或通气。

浇水: 通过洒水。

昆虫学和植物病理学

虫害: 蛞蝓、蜗牛和潜叶虫。

疾病: 在这种植物中没有已知的疾病。

事故: 它不容忍被淹没的土地。

收获和使用

何时收获: 种植后30-60天,当植株长到15-20厘米时,在开花前。 在离地面9-11厘米处剪掉枝条。 如果生吃叶子,应选择最年轻、最嫩的叶子。

生产: 40-50吨/公顷。

储存条件: 在冰箱里,可以保存一个星期。

营养价值: 含有丰富的脂肪酸(尤其是欧米茄-3)、蛋白质(占干重的20-40%)和矿物质、钙、铁、磷、钾和镁。 它还含有维生素A、E、B和C以及β-胡萝卜素,是良好的抗氧化剂。

消费的季节: 夏天。

用途: 食用方法:在沙拉中生吃,或在汤、面包汤、煎蛋卷、玉米饼中烹调,或像菠菜、水芹或苏子一样简单烹调。

药用 - 增强免疫系统,舒缓胃肠道和泌尿系统问题、膀胱、肾脏和肝脏。 如果生吃,可对抗坏胆固醇(HDL)。 科学家发现,在克里特岛的居民很少死于心脏病,因为饮食中富含对抗胆固醇的马齿苋。 在亚洲,它被用作马蜂和蜜蜂蛰伤的解药。 如果生吃擦在皮肤上,对疖子和烧伤很有效

专家建议

这种草药自发生长,通常被认为是一种杂草,生长在空地上,甚至在街角(不应该被收割为食物)。 对于一个四口之家,12株就足够了。 它是含有最多欧米伽3的绿色植物,也比大多数可食用水果和蔬菜的褪黑素(抗氧化剂)多10-20倍。

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.