山药,发现这种植物

 山药,发现这种植物

Charles Cook

这种历史悠久的植物在整个亚速尔群岛非常普遍,在那里它被称为 "穷人的食物"。 更多 它是地球上最古老的植物,在所罗门群岛使用它的考古记录可以追溯到28,000多年前。

植物学名: Callocasia escolenta (L.) Schott

家庭: Aracea

See_also: 如何种植蓝莓

来源

该植物起源于东南亚,估计约有5万年的历史。 它通过人口迁移传播到整个大洋洲。 山药的种植技术不断发展,并适应不同地区获得的具体特征。

它在15和16世纪被引入亚速尔群岛和马德拉群岛,在这些岛屿定居的时候,是那些买不起面包的人的饮食的一部分,而面包是有钱人的东西。

在圣米格尔的弗纳斯,山药被种植在沼泽地上,紧挨着热的硫磺水的溪流,这种做法在世界上是独一无二的。 这些块茎更美味,有黄油味,纤维少,只需半小时就能煮熟。 它们是著名的cozido das furnas和获奖的queijadas de yam的一部分。 除了cozido,它们还有许多其他做法,但是将留在未来的文章中。

在欧洲,它的消费量较低。

亚速尔群岛的山药种植

传统上,在亚速尔群岛,收获山药的工作是由男人完成的;被称为山药刮削者的妇女是清洗块茎的人,这项工作总是戴着手套进行,因为乳胶或钙酸直接接触皮肤时具有腐蚀性。 福纳斯的种植季节通常是冬季,在第二年的十月从土地上移走、往往在被淹没的土地上停留约16至18个月。

温暖的硫磺水含有丰富的营养物质,因此,两个多世纪以来不间断地种植山药的土地不需要休耕或合成化学肥料,这与在旱地上种植山药不同。

在亚速尔群岛,圣若热岛和皮科岛是突出的山药生产地。 这里最常见的是所谓的干式栽培,即没有水浸。 这种类型的栽培导致山药的纤维性更强,绒毛更少,需要更多的烹饪时间。

山药应该总是煮着吃。 山药的蛋白质含量通常高于其他热带根茎,如木薯或红薯。

在马德拉,它是圣周期间的一道传统菜肴。 白山药是煮着吃的,和鱼一起吃,或作为甜点与甘蔗蜜一起吃;炸山药也很常见。 红山药是用来做汤的,其中还包括猪肉、卷心菜和豆子,在丰沙尔非常受欢迎。 叶子和茎用来喂养猪。

修士Diogo das Chagas在他的书Espelho Cristalino中写道,在Jardim de Diversos Flores中(1640年至1646年之间):"......有很好的大型种植园,叫做椰子,有一年我看到它的什一税以120美元000雷亚尔拍卖,有时产量更高。" 1661年,在Vila Franca do Campo市议会的Livro de Correições中,第147页说:"...他们还说,这里有我命令每个人必须至少种植半蒲式耳的山药地......"。

在圣若热岛,1694年发生了所谓的卡列塔兵变,主要是山药种植者拒绝为他们的生产支付什一税。 1830年,山药的什一税仍然有效,因为在这一年的12月14日,圣塞巴斯蒂安-达伊拉-特塞拉市的市议会写信给女王说:"......夫人,这是多么大的虐待!"!她所养的小牛(和估计的)所吃的草药的什一税;羊和羊毛的什一税,洋葱、大蒜、南瓜和波岗果的什一税,河边种植的山药的什一税;最后,水果和木材的什一税......" 这些岛屿的人有时被称为雅默人。

这种 芋头 它对水资源的要求很高,根据一些作者的说法,它是东方最早的灌溉作物之一,亚洲标志性的稻田是在 "梯田 "上利用复杂的灌溉和排涝系统种植的,是为了保证山药的用水,而不是像人们认为的那样是为了稻米。

两种山药属的 薯蓣科植物 (无毒),如那些属于 卡洛卡西娅 山药的世界产量集中在非洲国家,特别是尼日利亚,它是世界上主要的出口国。 在葡萄牙语国家,它也被称为matabala、椰子、芋头、假山药。 在英语中,它被称为山药、椰子山药或芋头。

营养价值

山药是一种富含碳水化合物的食物,其主要功能是为机体提供能量。 因此,它可以作为土豆、大米或意大利面的替代品纳入饮食中。 它富含维生素E,是钾的来源,并具有非常有趣的维生素B1、B6和C以及磷、镁和铁等矿物质含量。

山药的血糖指数低,这是一个优势,因为它不会导致血糖升高(糖血症)。 它容易消化,建议康复者和有消化问题的人食用。 由于含有大量具有抗氧化作用的维生素,它有助于对抗自由基。 由于含有B族维生素,它有助于改善认知功能、帮助在神经元之间建立沟通。

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See_also: 草莓树:学习如何种植

Charles Cook

Charles Cook is a passionate horticulturist, blogger, and avid plant lover, dedicated to sharing his knowledge and love for gardens, plants, and decoration. With over two decades of experience in the field, Charles has honed his expertise and turned his passion into a career.Growing up on a farm, surrounded by lush greenery, Charles developed a deep appreciation for nature's beauty from an early age. He would spend hours exploring the vast fields and tending to various plants, nurturing a love for gardening that would follow him throughout his life.After graduating with a degree in horticulture from a prestigious university, Charles embarked on his professional journey, working in various botanical gardens and nurseries. This invaluable hands-on experience allowed him to gain a deep understanding of different plant species, their unique requirements, and the art of landscape design.Recognizing the power of online platforms, Charles decided to start his blog, offering a virtual space for fellow garden enthusiasts to gather, learn, and find inspiration. His engaging and informative blog, filled with captivating videos, helpful tips, and the latest news, has garnered a loyal following from gardeners of all levels.Charles believes that a garden is not just a collection of plants, but a living, breathing sanctuary that can bring joy, tranquility, and connection to nature. Heendeavors to unravel the secrets of successful gardening, providing practical advice on plant care, design principles, and innovative decoration ideas.Beyond his blog, Charles frequently collaborates with gardening professionals, participates in workshops and conferences, and even contributes articles to prominent gardening publications. His passion for gardens and plants knows no bounds, and he tirelessly seeks to expand his knowledge, always striving to bring fresh and exciting content to his readers.Through his blog, Charles aims to inspire and encourage others to unlock their own green thumbs, believing that anyone can create a beautiful, thriving garden with the right guidance and a sprinkle of creativity. His warm and genuine writing style, coupled with his wealth of expertise, ensures that readers will be enthralled and empowered to embark on their own garden adventures.When Charles isn't busy tending to his own garden or sharing his expertise online, he enjoys exploring botanical gardens around the world, capturing the beauty of flora through his camera lens. With a deep-rooted commitment to nature conservation, he actively advocates for sustainable gardening practices, cultivating an appreciation for the fragile ecosystem we inhabit.Charles Cook, a true plant aficionado, invites you to join him on a journey of discovery, as he opens the doors to the captivatingworld of gardens, plants, and decoration through his captivating blog and enchanting videos.